ON THE STRUCTURE OF BUDS 119 



inflorescence, and the apex dies, so that growth is 

 resumed by the lateral buds. 



In the flowering buds the second pair of scales are 

 larger, vase- shaped, and also more deeply divided, es- 

 pecially on one side. Those which bear leaves only are 

 flattened at right angles to the stem. 



In Viburnum Lantana (Wayfaring Tree) (figs. 186 and 

 187 ), on the contrary, the leaves are all normal. The outer 

 ones protect the inner ; but they all develop, and suffer 

 very little from the cold. They are protected by a thick 

 coat of stellate hairs, which cross and intercross, thus 

 forming a sort of grey felt. As the young leaves 

 increase in size these hairs do not appear to increase in 

 number, and they are, consequently, carried further 

 from one another. Fig. 187 is taken from such a bud 

 which had attained a length of rather more than an 

 inch. 



Protection by Leaf-stalk 



In the Elder (Sambucus nigra) the scales protecting 

 the bud are petioles. Externally are a pair of very 

 small brown scales ; then a larger pair at right angles ; 

 then a pair much more elongated, greenish, and with 

 more or less developed leaves. In this respect they 

 differ very much ; sometimes there are three small 

 points at the summit, sometimes a well-formed leaf; and 

 every gradation between the two occurs. The two 

 opposite leaves often differ considerably, and when one 



