ON THE STRUCTURE OF BUDS 125 



stipules, because they are dead. The third pair are 

 larger, and to them belongs the first leaf of the bud 

 (fig. 194). The fourth pair are longer than the third. 

 Their leaf-blade is subulate, and about one-third as long 

 as their stipules. Sometimes it dies in winter. The 

 fifth pair are sometimes nearly as long as the bud. 

 The third leaf-blade belongs to them, and i3 consider- 

 ably larger, though but slightly longer. The fourth leaf- 

 blade is nearly as long as its stipules. The seventh pair 

 are about half the length of their leaf- blade, and thin. 

 The ninth and tenth pairs are less than half the length 

 of their leaf-blade. 



This represents the average composition of a bud 

 at midwinter; but there is considerable variation in 

 the relative lengths of the leaves and their stipules. 

 Sometimes the third leaf belonging to the fifth pair of 

 stipules is nearly equal in length to the latter, but it 

 may be the fourth, fifth, or sixth leaf which attains this 

 size. The first two or three leaves never attain any 

 great size, even if they live through the winter. Their 

 stipules, however, are always largely developed, and 

 more or less cemented together with a viscid gum, 

 obviously for the protection of the leaves. The leaves 

 that attain a large size in the bud retain their pre- 

 dominance after expansion, while the small outer ones 

 remain relatively small. 



The axillary buds are smaller and somewhat dit- 

 ferently constructed. The outer covering is short, broad, 



