ON THE STRUCTURE OF BUDS 151 



In the bud figured the fifth (fig. 267), sixth (fig. 268), 

 seventh, and eighth scales show a leaf with the free 

 portion of the stipules forming auricles, and the connate 

 portion forming a short cylindrical sheath. The number, 

 however, differs slightly in different buds. 



Inside the above in all the 

 large buds comes a spike of 

 heads or clusters of fruits (/, 

 fig. 267), the heads so arranged 

 as to form a conical mass inside 

 the various caps and short 

 cylinders formed by the stip- 

 ules. 



THE SPANISH CHESTNUT 



(Oastanea vesca) 



The scales which protect 

 the bud of the Spanish Chest- 

 nut (Castanea vesca) (fig. 269) 

 are also connate stipules ; this 

 is indicated by their being 

 frequently indented at the 

 apex. The outer one is dry and 

 brown. The second scale (fig. ^J^^ZJ^Z 

 269) is longer and greener. second scale detached, x 4. 

 Its true character is shown not only by the indentation 

 at the summit, but by the presence of a rudimentary 

 bud at the base, which is situated, not at the side, as 



