ON THE NATURE OF STIPULES 



219 



Clos, in an interesting and elaborate memoir (38), has 

 attempted to show that as a rule bracts are modified 

 stipules. De Candolle in 1858 expressed this opinion 

 as regards Begonia ; and Clos, amongst other species, 

 refers to Cinchona officinalis and angustifolia, Isertia 



Fig. 335. 



Fig. 33G. 



Fig. 337. 



Genipa clusi^efolia. 



Fi<:. 335. Longitudinal section of seed, x 2| ; C, cotyledon; It, radicle ; En, endosperm. 

 Fig. 336. Transverse section of seed, x 2\ ; C, cotyledon. 



Fig. 887. Germinating seed with side of seed and one cotyledon removed, x4; 

 T, testa ; En, endosperm ; St, stipule ; O, surface of ground. 



coccinea, Berteria guianensis, Spermacoce calyptem, 

 Cissus tamoides, Rondeletia obovata, &c. Most of his 

 references, however, are to old and somewhat vague 

 figures. Cinchona officinalis has small but well- 

 marked stipules at the base of the bracts, and the same 

 is the case in Rondeletia obovata. If bracts really 



