99 



A young man who has graduated from an elementary to a middle forest 

 school, and from that to the university, or high school of forest culture, who has 

 obtained his diploma at the latter, and has also passed the two State examinations, 

 may be said to be thoroughly fitted for his profession, and besides undoubtedly 

 clean, healthy, robust, and thoroughly manly in a physical as well as in a 

 moral sense. 



EXTRACTS FROM GENERAL FOREST LAW OF AUSTRIA IN FORCE SINCE JANUARY 



1, 1853. 



Cultivation of Forests. 



m 



Sec. 1. Forests are distinguished as (a) State or Imperial forests under the 

 control of the State authorities. (6) Common forests, belonging to the city and 

 country communities, (c) Private forests, belonging either to private individuals, 

 or to corporations, or to orders, monasteries, benefices or prebends. 



Sec. 2. No forest can be withdrawn from cultivation and used for other 

 purposes except by consent. This consent can only be granted with reference to 

 State forests by the proper authority, and if questions of strategy or military 

 defence arise the concurrence of the Ministry of war is required. 



With reference to common and private forests the consent of the district 

 authorities is required, and all parties interested are to be heard on the application, 

 and in case of conflict of interests the matter is to be submitted to the proper 

 civil judge. 



The arbitrary use of forests for other purposes is punished by a five of five 

 florins per joch. (1 joch equals 1.42 acres). 



The area thus converted to improper use must be replanted within a certain 

 time, to be fixed by experts. In case of default the fine is again imposed. 



Sec. 3. Newly-cleared tracts of State or common forests must be replanted 

 within five years. A longer time may be allowed for the replanting of private 

 forests, according to circumstances, and in pursuance of the provisions of 

 section 20. 



Sec. 4. No forest should be devastated ; that is, so treated that the cultiva- 

 tion is either jeopardized or made impossible. If the cultivation has only been 

 jeopardized a fine will be imposed in accordance with section 2, and the replanting 

 is to be enforced. If, however, cultivation has been impossible, a fine up to ten 

 florins per joch will be imposed. 



Sec. 5. A cultivation which exposes neighboring forests to injury from winds 

 is prohibited. A strip of woods at least twenty Vienna klaf ter wide must be left, 

 when such danger exists, along the margin of the neighboring woods until the 

 same is in full growth. In the meantime this wind-cloak can only be thinned. 



Sec. 6. On sandy soil and on steep mountain slopes the timber can only be 

 cut in narrow strips or thinned out, and must be immediately replaced. The 

 woods upon the summits of mountains must only be thinned. 



See. 7. On the shores of large rivers or lakes, if the shores are not composed 

 -of rocks, and on the slopes of mountains where land slides are possible great care 

 is to be exercised, and roots can only be dug if tho fissure is immediately 

 repaired. 



Sec. 8. Violations of sections 5, 6 and 7, are punished with a fine of from 20 to 

 500 florins. Damage accruing to others to be paid by offender. 



