146 



In virtue of this service, a military uniform is prescribed for all grades, 

 including the students at the schools. The subordinates wear it always ; and the 

 officers do so on all ceremonial occasions, including official inspections of the 

 forests by their superiors. 



FOREST SCHOOLS. THE HIGHER SCHOOL AT XANCY. 



The forest school at Nancy is the only one existing in France for the train- 

 ing of officers of the superior staff. It was founded in 1824, before which year 

 the department was recruited either by means of young men, often of good fami- 

 lies, who worked gratuitously in the inspectors' offices in the hope of ultimately 

 obtaining an appointment, or by means of retired officers of the army. Very few 

 forest officers received under the old system, a professional training sufficient to 

 enable them to discharge their duties satisfactorily ; and it was to remedy this 

 state of things that the school was established. The arrangements were modest 

 at first ; but a great development has taken place during the sixty -two years 

 that have elapsed since 1824. The present organization of the school will now be 

 briefly described. 



The controlling and teaching staff is composed as follows, viz.: 



1 director, with the rank of inspector-general (professor of political economy 

 and forest statistics). 



1 deputy-director (professor of forestry). 



1 assistant professor of forestry. 



1 inspector of studies (professor of law). 



1 assistant-professor of law. 



1 professor of natural history. 



1 assistant-professor or natural history. 



1 professor of applied mathematics. 



1 assistant-professor of applied mathematics. 

 1 professor of agriculture. 



1 professor of German. 



1 professor of military science, 



1 assistant-inspector for experiments. 



All these are forest officers except the professors of agriculture, German, and 

 military science ; and none of them, except the professor of agriculture, who is 

 dean of the faculty of science at Nancy, have any other duties. 



The salary of the director rises from 360 'to 480, with 80 a year sump- 

 tuary allowance. The professors of forestry, natural history, law, and applied 

 mathematics, receive, on first appointment 80 a year in addition to the pay of 

 their grade, whatever it may be ; but if, after some years, they desire to be 

 permanently attached to the school, they may be removed from the active list, 

 on a salary rising from 280 to 360 a year, when they are entitled to a higher 

 rate of pension than they would otherwise receive. The assistants take part in 

 the instruction under the control and guidance of professors, whom they are in 

 training to succeed ; they receive 40 a year in addition to the pay of their 

 grade. The salaries of the professors of agriculture, German, and military 

 science are fixed from time to time, the maximum rate being 240. The 

 appointment of deputy-director and inspector of studies do not entitle their 

 holders to any extra pay ; but these officers, as well as the director, have free 

 quarters at the school. The staff is completed with an accountant, two adjutants 

 (corresponding to sergeant-majors), a librarian, a gate-keeper, and other sub- 

 ordinates. 



