of the pulp timber cut in Lewis and St. Lawrence Counties is peeled before it is 

 taken from the forest, thereby obviating the use of barking machines at the 

 mills. This supply of peeled timber is cut during the bark season, which lasts- 

 from May twentieth to August fifteenth, before or after which time the bark will 

 not peel. 



" In estimates of a general character, one cord of timber is said to make one 

 ton of brown pulp, dry weight ; but the actual results indicate that a cord of 

 wood will produce only 1,800 pounds. In the chemical process, two cords of wood 

 are consumed in making a ton of dry pulp, or chemical fibre, as it is called. 



'Wood pulp, or cellulose, when first manufactured in this country, was used 

 for paper only, and to a comparatively small extent. But the industry has 

 developed with surprising rapidity, and now almost the entire bulk of newspaper 

 stock is made from wood- Other uses for it have been discovered, and these new 

 adaptations are multiplying each year. Under the name of indurated fibre, it is 

 used to a large extent in making tubs, pails, barrels, kitchen-ware, coffins, carnage 

 bodies, furniture, and building material. In this State, there are pulp mills at 

 Oswego and Lockport which manufacture various wares of indurated fibre, but 

 these mills do not obtain their timber supply from the Adirondack forest. Wood 

 pulp is also used to some extent in the manufacture of gun-powder. 



' Prof. B. E. Fernow, of the Forestry Bureau, at Washington, says in his last 

 annual report: 'While the use of timber has been superseded in ship 

 building, the latest torpedo ram of the Austrian navy received a protective 

 armour of cellulose, and our own new vessels are to be similarly provided. 

 While this armour is to render the effect of shots less disastrous by stopping up 

 leaks, on the other hand, bullets for rifle use are made from paper pulp. Of food 

 products, sugar (glucose), and alcohol can be derived from it, and materials 

 resembling leather, cloth, and silk, have been successfully manufactured from it. 

 An entire hotel has been lately built in Hamburg, Germany, of material of which 

 pulp forms the basis, and it also forms the basts of a superior lime mortar, fire 

 and water proof for covering and finishing walls.' 



" The State of New York leads all other States in the manufacture of wood 

 pulp, having* seventy-five mills engaged in the industry, out of the 237 mills in 

 the United States. Wisconsin comes next, with twenty-six mills ; then comes 

 Maine, with twenty-four ; and then New Hampshire and Vermont, with eighteen 

 each. Canada has also a very large production of wood pulp from its thirty-three 

 mills, besides supplying large ^quantities of timber to mills situated in the United 

 States. 



"Of the seventy-five mills in the State of New York, sixty-four mills draw 

 their entire supply from the Great Forest of Northern New York, or what is 

 known as the Adirondack woods." (pp. 221-227). 



SPONTANEOUS RENEWAL OF THE FOREST. 



Where the efforts of nature are not thwarted by the ravages of fire, the 

 tendency of the forest is to re-assert itself. The commissioners note that this is 

 particularly the case where the previous cuttings have been conducted systemati- 

 cally, as for instance in the operations of charcoal-burners. 



" After crossing the divide, the road runs for a few miles through State land 

 some of which was burned over about twenty-five years ago, but which is now 

 covered with anew growth of small trees, indicating that if this land is protected 



