1000 Cows 



900 Calvings Per Year — 

 Calving Interval of 400 Days 



97 Percent Single Births 



Producing 873 Calves of 



Both Sexes 



I 



3 Percent Tv/in Births 



Producing 54 Calves of 



Both Sexes 



5 Percent Dead or Die At 

 Birth — A Loss of 44 Calves 



20 Percent Dead or Die at 

 Birth — A Loss of 1 1 Calves 



Of 829 Calves Alive 48.8 



Percent Females — 404 



Potentially Fertile Female 



Calves 



Of 43 Calves Alive 27.0 



Percent Potentially Fertile 



Females — 12 Potentially 



Fertile Female Calves 



31 Calves for 



Veal - Bulls 



and Freemartins 



425 Calves for 

 Veal - Bulls 



416 Potentially Fertile Living Female Calves — 



1 Percent Die During the First 6 Months — 



A Loss of 42 Calves 



375 Potentially Fertile Living Female Calves 

 2 Percent Die 6 to 1 8 Months 

 A Loss of 8 Calves 



I 



367 Potentially Fertile Living Female Calves 

 8 Percent Sterile at 18 Months 

 Cull Loss 29 Heifers 



338 Living Bred Heifers - 1 Percent Die 18 to 26 

 Months — A Loss of 3 Heifers 



335 Heifers to Enter the Milking Herd Per 1000 Cows 



Figure 5. Replacement rate with good commercial management. 



21 



