In southern New England, the inshipments of dairy cattle for replacements 

 have been consistently large. In northern New England, the movement has 

 fluctuated from small inshipments in some years to small outshipments in 

 other years. In New England as a whole, net inshipments of dairy replace- 

 ments amounted to 18 percent of the replacements (table 1). During the 

 same period, inshipments amounted to 41 percent of the total replacements 

 in southern New England but to only 2 percent in northern New England. 

 In 1954, northern New England actually produced a surplus of replace- 

 ments, but the number produced was not nearly enough to supply the 

 deficit in southern New England. 



If all the inshipments for replacements in New England in 1954 had 

 been produced in the area, it would have required about 42,000 tons of 

 hay or hay equivalent, and an equivalent of 12,000 acres of improved legume 

 rotation pasture, 675,000 hours of man labor, and 20,000 stanchions, or 

 1 million square feet of loose-type stabling. If these resources had been 

 diverted from production of milk in order to raise more replacements, it 

 would have been necessary to dispose of about 12,000 cows. 



Table 1. Net Inshipments and Total Replacements of Dairy Cattle, 

 New England, 1945-54 and 19541 



^Interstate Movement of Dairy Cattle, 11 Northeastern States, Agricultural Marketing Service, U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture, 1946-1955. 



In New Hampshire in the same period, the number of replacements 

 per year varied from around 15,000 to 22,000 and averaged about 19,000. 

 Although the number of replacements raised in relation to the number made 

 varied somewhat from year to year, there were no large surpluses or deficits 

 of home-raised replacements. Home-raised replacements did not vary from 

 local needs by more than a 6 percent deficit or a 6 percent surplus (Table 

 2). 



The data on interstate shipment of cattle do not give a full indication, 

 however, of the number of purchased animals on farms. Many animals are 

 bought within the boundaries of the States. Therefore, they do not enter 

 into the category of interstate commerce. For instance, during 1953, New 

 Hampshire had a net outshipment of 370 dairy cattle. Yet a survey of 229 

 New Hampshire dairy farms showed that 64 percent of the herds had some 

 purchased animals. On about 80 percent of the farms surveyed, between 

 50 and 100 percent of the animals in the herd were raised on the farm 

 (Figure 1). But of the total of 6,480 cows on these farms, 1,556, or 24 

 percent, were bought. 



