Contents 



Summary 4 



Recent Situation in Dairy Replacements 8 



Consideration Involved in Appraising the Replacement Problem 11 



Sources of Information for Appraisal of Replacement Problem 12 



Feeding Rates for Young Stock and Cows 13 



Milk Production Rates for Raised and Purchased Cows 15 



Calves Born per Cow, Mortality, Sex Ratios, and Sterility Rates .... 18 



Incidence of Disease, Herd Life, Age at Disposal, and Life Ex- 

 pectancy 23 



Yields for Hay, Silage Crops, and Pasture 28 



Labor Available for Chore Work and Requirements for Cows 



and Young Stock 31 



Available Barn Space and Utilization by Cows and Heifers 32 



Flexibility and Limitations in Use of Resources for Either Cows 



or Young Stock 33 



Prices Paid and Received 36 



Economic Analysis 37 



The Typical Dairy Farm 40 



Short-Run Alternatives on the Typical Farm 42 



Long-Run Adjustments on a Typical Farm 46 



Effects of Various Price Relationships and Levels of Milk Pro- 

 duction on Income from Six Sizes of Herds 48 



Conclusions 58 



Appendix 59 



