December, 1909.] the codling MOTH. 65 



early INIay will require 25 to 30 days to transform to moths, 

 while those formed the middle of June will require 11 to 15 days, 

 the average for a large number for the whole season being about 

 16 days. At the end of this time the pupae wriggles itself out of 

 the cocoon through the silken tube made by the larva, its skin 

 splits down the middle of the back and from out the pupal shell, 

 crawls the adult moth, somewhat bedraggled, but soon ready for 

 flight. 



The time of appearance of the moths also varies, but as those 

 pupre first formed require longer to transform than those formed 

 later, there is less variation in the time of appearance of the 

 moths. In 1906 the majority of moths appeared June 14, in 

 1907 on July 2, and in 1908 on June 20, the latter date being 

 probably the most usual. In 1908 the moths emerged from June 

 11 to July 7. 



The Moth. The codling moth is rarely seen, for it flies at 

 night and during the day it remains motionless on or under the 

 bark which it so closely resembles as to be invisible. It is a beau- 

 tiful little creature when closely examined. Its wings expand 

 from three-fourths to one inch and when seen at a little distance 

 have somewhat the appearance of grayish-brown watered silk, but 

 when closely examined are seen to be crossed by numerous lines 

 of gray and brown scales. Near the hind angle of each front 

 wing there is a large dark brown spot marked with streaks of 

 bronze or gold. The hind wings are of lighter grayish-brown 

 color, darker toward the outer margin. The moths fly mostly 

 during the early evening, and if the evenings be warm when they 

 emerge the females commence to lay their eggs in two or three 

 days, but if cool they may not oviposit for ten days or two weeks. 

 Moths observed under normal conditions have lived three to four 

 weelvs. but most of them live but one to two weeks. 



The Egg. The individual q^^ upon the leaf or fruit (see 

 fig. 5) looks much like a small white l)lister, al)ont the size of 

 a pinhead. It is at first quite transparent, but later a ])lack- 

 ish streak is seen, showing tin; caterpillar forming within. 

 The eggs are seen with difficulty and are found only by the most 

 careful search. An average of 60 to 75 eggs are deposited 

 by different individuals for about a month. The egg-laying 

 habits of the moths were studied with great care for two sea- 



