82 X. 11. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 143 



proportion of the larvte will be killed, and especially those which 

 mature early and form the small second brood. 



Thoroughly scraping the bark with a sliari) hoe or tree-scraper, 

 so as to remove the hiding places of the wintering larvie will alsa 

 materially aid in their control. 



As has been noted, the woodpeckers and nuthatches annu- 

 ally save us barrels of apples by destrojdng the apple worms 

 under the l)ark in the winter. They should therefore be encour- 

 aged and allured to the orchard whenever possible. Bits of suet 

 and meat suspended from the trees will often attract them and 

 sometimes help them through a hard winter. 



Not only the neglected orchard but the neglected road-side 

 and pasture trees, very many of them worthless seedlings, har- 

 bor all the pests of the apple, where they breed unmolested and 

 constantly migrate to the orchard. Road surveyors should be 

 required to cut every seedling or uucared for apple and wild 

 cherry tree, and every property owner should replenish his wood- 

 pile with them. 



III. DIRECTIONS FOR SPRAYING. 



The following directions apply to spraying for the codling 

 moth only. Various fungous diseases such as scab, rot, fruit 

 spot, etc., may be controlled by spraying with fungicides and 

 are discussed by the Station Botanist in Bulletin 144. These 

 applications for diseases are usually combined with those for 

 the codling moth or for other insects for which spraying may 

 be necessary early or later in the season, but the fruit grower 

 should know definitely against what his spraying is directed; 

 the time for it, and what materials to use, if he is to secure the 

 best results. The present directions, therefore, apply only to 

 the codling moth, but the apparatus used and method of appli- 

 cation is the same for all work in the apple orchard. 



Apparatus. — The Pump. For the average New Hampshire 

 orchard of lf)0 or 200 li-ccs and farm, a good barrel pump is the 

 best type. The small compressed air, knapsack, and bucket 

 sprayers are good for garden work, but do not furnish suffi- 

 cient pressure for large trees. 



For larger orchards a horizontal, double-acting pump, used 



