90 N. II. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 143 



spraying on a platform about four feet above the wagon l)ox. 

 The platform should be as high as possil)le without being top- 

 heavy, depending upon the roughness of the land, etc. Around 

 the top of the tower is a rail to ensure the safety of the sprayer. 

 The whole tower is readily made by anyone in' a few hours from 

 ordinary studding and rough boards, and should be firmly bolted 

 to the wagon, so that it may be readily removable. A rough 

 outfit of this sort used in our own work is shown in Figure 21. 



Where Bordeaux mixture is used, an oiled canvas cover should 

 be provided for the horse, extending over the head and tail and 

 down below the shafts, as the Bordeaux mixture will injure the 

 coat of the horse if much falls on it. 



Where larger orchards are to be sprayed a truck and tower 

 such as have come into common use in Delaware orchards, will 

 be found more satisfactory. The tower carries two men, and the 

 truck a 150-gallon cask, set near the ground. Two horses are 

 necessary, and a pump of the horizontal type, like the Sentinel, 

 Friend, etc., is preferable. 



The Insecticide. To control the codling moth, we depend on 

 arsenate of lead, or Paris green, the relative merits of which 

 have been discu.ssed on page 72. A few parties are using home- 

 made arsenite of lime, but from our experience with this prep- 

 aration we are not prepared to recommend it for orchard work. 

 Arsenate of lead should be used at the rate of two or three 

 pounds to fifty gallons of water. See that it is thoroughly dis- 

 solved before putting in the barrel. 



Paris green should be applied at the rate of one-third pound 

 to 50 gallons of liquid. We should prefer to use arsenate of 

 lead unless Bordeaux mixture is being used and the Paris green 

 can be used with it. 



It should be noted that Bordeaux mixture is a fungicide used 

 against plant diseases and has no effect wliatever against the 

 codling moth or insects. Recently considerable injury has 

 resulted from the russetting of fruit by Bordeaux mixture, so 

 that many have stopped using it except on varieties such as the 

 Mcintosh, upon which it is absolutely necessary to control the 

 scab, and others are considering the use of lime-snll"m- solution 

 as a fungicide. Which arsenical will be Iniind most satisfactory 

 to combine with lime-sulfur is a matter to be determined by 



