134 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 144 



material should be used, and the following of the directions for 

 making the solution is important. The liquid should be applied 

 to the tree as a fine mist and never allowed to sprinkle or drip 

 from the nozzles. The foliage must be thoroughly covered, but 

 dripping from the leaves indicates an excessive or careless appli- 

 cation. Mistakes are often made by trying to spray with insuf- 

 ficient power. A pressure of 70 pounds is essential, and one of 

 ]00 pounds or over is very desirable. 



In looking for a solution of the problem various kinds and 

 strengths of Bordeaux have been tested. While weaker solu- 

 tions may produce less injury, they do not obviate the trouble. 

 The use of an excess of lime has had little or no effect upon the 

 amount of injury. The 3-3-50 formula seems to produce as lit- 

 tle injury as any, and is most satisfactory for the majority of 

 apple diseases. The patent Bordeauxs which are on the market 

 have not been shown to be any less liable to produce injury than 

 the home-made mixtures, and many of them have proven quite 

 inefficient in controlling diseases. 



During the past three years lime-sulfur solutions have been 

 rapidly gaining favor as fungicides. They seem to be as effective 

 as Bordeaux in controlling diseases and to be less likely to cause 

 injury. In the summer of 1909 commercial, home-made and self- 

 boiled lime-sulfur were used alongside patent and home-made 

 Bordeaux in the orchards mentioned in the discussion of apple 

 scab. None of the sulfur mixtures caused injury, while none of 

 the Bordeauxs failed to do so. Too much emphasis should not 

 be placed upon one season's work, but the results are encour- 

 aging and give reason for belief that the solution of the problem 

 of spray injury may be found in the use of lime-sulfur. 



FUNGICIDES. 



Bordeaux. No other fungicide is so widely used as Bordeaux 

 and no other has been proven so efficient in controlling diseases. 

 It is prepared by combining solutions of copper sulfate or blue- 

 stone and lime. The solution most satisfactory for use in the 

 apple orchard consists of: 



Copper sulfate, 3 lbs. 



Stone lime, 3 lbs. 



Water, 50 gals. 



