106 FORAGE PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE 



In England excellent results have been obtained by 

 planting complex mixtures containing long and short- 

 lived, and shallow and deep-rooted plants. No such 

 mixtures have, as yet, proved profitable in America. 



For the humid portions of America the best permanent 

 pasture grasses come in, for the most part, spontaneously. 

 These are, in the timothy region : 1. Kentucky blue-grass 

 and white clover for fertile, moist soils ; 2. redtop for low, 

 wet soils ; 3. Canada blue-grass, redtop and white clover 

 for upland soils ; in the cotton region : 4. Bermuda-grass, 

 lespedeza and bur clover for clayey lands ; 5. carpet- 

 grass for sandy coastal lands. 



The lines of division indicated are by no means absolute, 

 but the pasture mixtures proposed by various investigators 

 generally recognize the fundamental importance of most 

 of the ten species named. As more or less temporary 

 elements, other seeds should be included in seeding new 

 pasture, as follows : 



Where the soil and the region are adapted to Kentucky 

 blue-grass, add white clover, timothy and either Italian 

 or perennial rye-grass. Meadow fescue is also desirable 

 in many places. 



Where the soil is wet and the region adapted to redtop, 

 add white clover and alsike clover. 



Where the soil is poor upland in the north, use redtop, 

 Canada blue-grass and white clover. 



Where Bermuda-grass thrives, add lespedeza, white 

 clover, bur clover and Italian rye-grass. 



Where carpet-grass predominates, Italian rye-grass may 

 prove valuable for temporary pasture in winter. 



In addition to the grasses mentioned, orchard-grass 

 is always desirable because it furnishes the earliest pas- 

 turage, and southward tall oat-grass is very useful. On 



