FOREST UTILIZATION 49 



The bearings should be long, say four times as long as the shafting 



is thick, and should have self-lubricating devices. 

 Hangers for 3-inch shafting and of 3-ft. drop cost about $20. 

 Bearing-boxes are lined with an anti-friction alloy melting easily 

 and offering little friction even under severe pressure. A space 

 of l /i inch to l / 2 inch is left between the cast-iron box and 'the 

 shafting (journal) to be supported. The box is held in a "bab- 

 bitting jig" while the melted alloy is poured from a ladle. Bab- 

 bitt metal (invented by Isaac Babbitt) consists of about 96 parts 

 tin, 4 parts copper and 8 parts antimony. 

 Rules for shafting are : 



I. Be sure that line of shafting is parallel to axis of driver. 

 II. Place all heavy work on the main shaft and close to the 



main driver. 



III. Oil freely and watch bearings constantly. Oil after stop- 

 ping work, while bearings are still warm. 

 IV. Drive only minor machinery from gear wheels. 

 Price of shafting is about sc or 6c per Ib. 



XV. TECHNICAL USE MADE OF THE TREES, BY SPECIES. 



A. Hardwoods. 



Cucumber tree: Ox yokes; pump logs; water troughs; cabinet 

 making; ceiling; flooring; invariably mixed with and substituted 

 for yellow poplar. 



Tulip tree or yellow poplar: Panels; flooring; molding; clap- 

 boarding ; sheathing ; shingles ; siding on railroad cars ; interior 

 finish of Pullman cars; coffins; cheap furniture; bodies of car- 

 riages and sleighs ; sides and bottoms of farm wagon beds ; wood- 

 enware ; bungs; slack barrels and tobacco hogsheads (staves and 

 heading) ; backing for pianos and for veneers; boxes, especially 

 biscuit boxes and cigar boxes; scroll saw work; wood carving; 

 wood burning; matches; excelsior; paper pulp. 



Linden or basswood: Mirror and picture backs; drawers and 

 backs of furniture; molding; woodemvare ; panels and bodies 

 of carriages; ceiling; wooden shoes abroad: inner soles of 

 shoes; cooperage heading; slack barrel staves; butter churns; 

 laths ; boxes ; grape baskets ; excelsior : parts of pianos and 

 organs ; fine carving ; papier mache ; paper pulp. The flowers 

 are used for tea ; the inner bark for coarse cordage and matting. 



Holly or ilex: Mallets; edging and engraving blocks; fine cabinet 

 work; painting on wood; tool handles; mathematical instru- 

 ments. 



Buckeye: Artificial limbs; woodenware; paper pulp; wooden 

 hats; fine wood carving. 



Maple (western): Furniture; axe handles; frames of snowshoes. 



Maple (eastern) : Furniture (curly and birdseye) ; flooring; 

 sugar barrels ; mantels ; runners of sleighs ; peavy handles ; 

 ox yokes; axe handles; sides and bridges of violins; wooden- 



