FOREST UTILIZATION . 53 



Bald cypress: Tanks; shingles; doors; house building; interior 

 finish; sashes; blinds; molasses barrels ; railroad ties; posts; 

 car siding ; flooring and covering ; wharf piles. 



Big tree: Lumber; fencing; shingles; construction; water con- 

 duits. 



Redwood: House building and finishing; shingles; fencing; 

 telegraph poles; vineyard . stakes ; railroad ties; car lining; 

 tanks ; coffins. 



Yew. In Oregon for bows and fishing rods. 



White pine: House building and finishing; boxes and crates; 

 sash, doors and blinds ; shingles ; backing of fine veneers ; ex- 

 celsior; matches; laths; woodenware; slack barrels; framing 

 of machinery ; furniture ; patterns for casting metals ; ship 

 masts ; baled shavings for filtering gas, bedding for horses, pack- 

 ing for crockery. 



Sugar pine : Same uses as white pine ; cooperage ; shakes (large 

 board shingles). 



Lodge-pole pine : Cheap lumber ; mining timbers ; railroad ties ; 

 used where other timber is not available. 



Loblolly pine : Common lumber and cheap veneers, usually mixed 

 with '"echinata" ; shingles; house building purposes altogether; 

 mining timber; boxes; rice and potato barrels; laths. 



Shortleaf pine (echinata) : Same use as above; boxes for naval 

 stores. 



Table mountain pine : In Pennsylvania used for charcoal. 



Longleaf and Cuban pine: House building; dimension stuff; 

 shingles; tanks; flooring; interior finish; railroad ties; ra.il- 

 road bridges ; car sills and framework of cars ; furniture ; sash, 

 doors and blinds; framework of machinery; mining timber; 

 ship building; masts; 'wagon tongues and beds; naval stores. 



Scrub pine (Virginiana) : In Kentucky, for lumber. 



Jeffrey's pine : Coarse lumber ; mining timber. 



Bull pine (ponderosa) : Lumber; railroad ties; mine props; 

 shingles ; boxes ; slack barrels. 



Jack pine (divaricata) : Ties and piling; cheap 'lumber; boxes; 

 laths. 



Norway pine : Lumber generally; ship building; construction; 

 flooring; masts; piles of wharves; covering; lining; siding; floor- 

 ing and sills of railroad cars ; railroad ties. 



Eastern spruce: Chemical fibre and paper pulp (down to 5"- 

 diameter) ; matches; excelsior; construction; posts; railroad 

 ties; fresh-water ship building; clapboards; flooring; ceiling; 

 stepladders; sounding boards (from butt logs); oars; spars; 

 wharf piles ; telegraph poles ; toys ; wood type ; butter buck- 

 ets ; slack cooperage; wooden thread (for mattings); chewing 

 gum ; vanillin. In Europe spruce bark is used for tanning. 



Engelmann's spruce: Used in Colorado for common lumber. 



Tideland spruce : Lumber ; construction ; outer finish ; wooden- 

 ware : paper pulp. 



