FOREST POLICY. 



3. Distribution: Similar to that in Washington. 



(a) Coast Range. Tideland spruce close to the ocean. 

 The bulk of the forests consist of Douglas fir and red cedar. 

 Lawson's cypress forms a forest of great commercial value in 

 the southern third of the Coast Range, where it exhibits splendid 

 silvicultural qualities, i. e., abundant regeneration. In the ex- 

 treme south of the Coast Range, sugar pine, winter bald white 

 oak and also California chestnut oak are met with. 



(b) Cascade Range. On west slope, most important tree 

 is Douglas fir, forming pure forests below 2,000 feet elevation 

 and reproducing splendidly on clearings. Red cedar, hemlock 

 and, higher up, white pine (monticola) are next in importance 

 to Douglas fir. The firs (noble, amiable and grand) run high 

 up on the mountains, fringing Crater Lake (10,000 feet eleva- 

 tion). In southern extension of cascades, sugar pine occurs. 



On east slope: Below 5,000 feet an open forest of yellow 

 pine is found; above 5,000 feet, Douglas fir, lodgepole pine and 

 lowland fir are mixed with yellow pine. In addition, Engel- 

 mann's spruce, western larch and white pine occur. At timber 

 line white bark pine and hemlock are found in open forests. 



The river bottoms between Coast Range and Cascade 

 Range exhibit heavy, broad-leaved groves composed of cotton- 

 woods, alders, ashes, willows and white maples; also the ever- 

 green California laurel. 



(c) The Blue Mountains (in northeast corner of State) 

 show open stunted forests of yellow pine, Douglas fir and larch, 

 and, above 4,000 feet elevation, a heavy growth of lodgepole 

 pine. 



4. Ownership: Farmers own 1.5 million acres. 



Lumbermen, mostly Michigan and Wisconsin men, com- 

 posing 212 firms, control 825,000 acres, of 25,000 feet b. m. per 

 acre average. 



United States reserves cover close to 4.5 million acres on 

 the Cascade Range. None exist on the Coast Range. 



The Warm Springs and Klamath River Indian reserva- 

 tions cover about 1,000,000 acres each, but are not heavily 

 forested. 



5. Use: The hardwoods are largely used for woodenware, 

 cooperage and furniture. The California laurel is the finest wood 

 for cabinet work and ship building on the coast. The center 

 of the hardwood industries is Portland. The cut in the census 



78 



