FOREST POLICY. 



sylvania, leading the United States lumber industry in 1860, hat 

 dropped to fourth rank in 1900, although she succeeded in vastly 

 increasing the value of her output within these 40 years. 



The output was in: 



1860 $11,000,000 



1870 29,000,000 



1880 22,000,000 



1890 29.000,000 



1900 36,000,000 



The cut in 1900 consisted of: 



Hemlock 1,608,000,000 feet b. m. 



White pine 238,000,000 feet b. m. 



Other conifers 19,000,000 feet b. m. 



Chestnut 51,000,000 feet b. m. 



Oak 342,000,000 feet b. m. 



Other hardwoods . . 140,000,000 feet b. m. 



Total 2,398,000,000 feet b. m. 



The shingle mills turned out, 'in the census year, $370,000 

 worth of shingles, largely using the old remnants of white pine 

 and hemlock, also a little oak and chestnut. 



Cooperage stock produced in 1900 was valued at $762,000 

 (notably for sugar barrels); the miscellaneous industries furnished 

 $1,443,000 worth of home-grown stock. Very little wagon and 

 furniture stock. 



In forest utilization, the rivers, notably the Susquehana, 

 are made use of. Skidways and sleds are little used. The logs 

 are moved over so-called "slides," V shaped troughs, consisting 

 of hemlock poles placed on hemlock ties, with an ice crust formed 

 by sprinkling. Six to forty peeled logs form a log train, pulled 

 by horses in a tow path. 



At the Williamsport boom, the proportion of hemlock and 

 pine logs was, in 1875, i to 10; and in 1893, 5}^ to I. 



Leather industry: Pennsylvania excels amongst the States 

 of the Union in the output of the leather industry, which output 

 is valued at $55,615,000. 254 tanneries consumed, in the census 

 year, 565,062 cords of hemlock bark, worth $3.460,000; 64,392 cords 

 of oak bark, worth $437,000; 2,800 bales of gambier, worth $17,000; 

 304 barrels of hemlock bark extract worth $3,368; 5,615 barrels of 



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