GAME 205 



In much the same way, help has been extended in rebuilding the fish 

 population. With the cooperation of the States and the United States 

 Bureau of Fisheries, rearing ponds and fish hatcheries have been con- 

 structed on national forest land. In most instances these are being operated 

 by the Bureau of Fisheries. Many miles of streams have been developed to 

 improve the habitat for fish. Lakes have been covered with fish-habitat 

 surveys and in many instances have been developed. In 1938 the Forest 

 Service planted more than 180 million fish in national-forest waters, along 

 with an even greater number planted by States and other agencies. 



With the help of other agencies, game has been moved from over- 

 stocked to understocked range. Deer have been moved from Wisconsin and 

 Michigan to the Ozark Mountains in Missouri. Beaver have been taken 

 from Michigan and planted in the streams of southern Illinois. Elk plant- 

 ings have been made on many national forests, among which are the 

 Weiser and Cache National Forests in Idaho, the Sitgreaves in Arizona, 

 the Wasatch and Fishlake in Utah, and nine national forests in Colorado. 

 Surpluses of mule deer on the Kaibab National Forest of Arizona and 

 white-tailed deer on the Pisgah National Forest in North Carolina have 

 been trapped and liberated in other areas where these species had dis- 

 appeared or were very scarce. Bighorn sheep have been imported from 

 Canada and turned loose on the national forests of Wyoming. Wild turkeys, 

 quail, and other game-bird species have been reintroduced on ranges from 

 which they had disappeared. Such efforts at artificial restocking cannot be 

 substituted for effective resource management as a method for increasing 

 wildlife populations, but they do have a place in handling the wildlife 

 resource. 



PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT, in the final analysis, start with and are limited 

 by the possibilities for managing the wildlife's environment. Too often 

 wildlife has been thought of as something separate and apart from land, 

 rather than as one of the crops. Too often, also, public interest and game 

 laws have centered on maximum numbers, rather than on relating num- 

 bers to the food supply available for the year-round support of the species. 

 Thus, temporary increases, rather than sustained annual yields of wildlife 



