108 FOREST PRODUCTS 



Per Cent 

 Trimming, including the cutting off of defective ends and trimming 



around defects, knots, etc 5.5 



Loss through checks and cracks which occur in the logs before 



manufactured . 6 



Loss through damaged sap or in cutting around sap to bring out 



the best color 3.2 



Loss in cores, which vary in diameter from 6 to 12 in. depending 



upon the size of the log 5.6 



Loss through breakage 5 



Loss through imperfect drying 4 



Miscellaneous losses 4.7 



Total 34 . o 



Miscellaneous waste includes kerf in sawed veneers, carelessness in 

 handling, mis-cut veneer, etc. Most of the logs used for rotary cut 

 veneers are shaved down to a diameter of 6 in. In all cases they are cut 

 down to the spindle chucks which vary directly with the size of the log. 



It is likely, therefore, that about one-third of all of the raw material 

 intended to be manufactured into veneers and which is brought to the mills 

 from the woods, is lost during the process of manufacture, of treating 

 or of shipping. There is a distinct tendency to reduce this amount every 

 year. 



Practically all of the trimmings and defective veneers are utilized for 

 fuel purposes in the power plant or are burned up in a waste burner or 

 carted away locally for fuel purposes in the homes of laborers about the 

 mill. 



There have been developed, however, many uses for the core material 

 left as a result of manufacture by the rotary cut process. At first these 

 cores were used almost entirely for fuel purposes. Later, the larger 

 cores were cut into crating material, boxes, snooks and smaller pieces of 

 lumber. It is estimated that more cores are cut into boxes, lumber, 

 crating stock, etc., than for any other purpose. 



Yellow poplar, bass wood, and cottonwood cores are frequently shipped 

 to excelsior mills, as these woods make excellent excelsior. Cores of the 

 heavier hardwoods are very often utilized by construction companies, 

 for rollers for moving houses, machinery, etc. 



Oak and pine cores have been in great demand for mine rollers and 

 for general mine timbers, especially in mining regions such as the Penn- 



