CROSS TIES 



273 



(d) Not interfere with view of approaching trains; 



(e) Be ranked as required to season to best advantage. 



In addition to the above, the species acceptable to the railroad are 

 always specified. No. 2 and No. 3 ties are less rigid in their requirements, 

 both in size and quality, than the above. 



The following prices will give an idea of the values prevailing for cross 

 ties announced by some of the railroads in their specifications: 



The following prices were advertised by the Pennsylvania Railroad 

 for certain divisions: 



The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad paid the following 

 prices in 1917: 



The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad paid the following prices in 1917: 



The only specifications that do not conform in general to the above 

 "squared" and "pole" ties in this country are the rectangular ties 

 adopted several years ago and still used by the Great Northern Railway. 

 At Somers, in western Montana, these are sawed out of western larch 

 and Douglas fir by special machinery. The ties are 8 ft. long, 12 in. 

 across the upper face and 8 in. deep from the face to the lowest point 

 of the angle. They contain approximately 40 bd. ft. each. The fol- 

 lowing are the advantages claimed for the Great Northern triangular tie: 



