334 FOREST PRODUCTS 



Collar Timber. 



Collar timber to be of hemlock, pitch pine, spruce or chestnut, 10 per cent oak 

 permitted. 



10 in. diameter top to be 10 ft. to 30 ft. (averaging 15 ft.) long. 

 12 in. and 14 in. diameter top to be 18 ft. to 30 ft. long. 



Price 



10 in. diameter top, 6 cents per lineal foot. 

 12 in. diameter top, n cents per lineal foot. 

 14 in. diameter top, 14 cents per lineal foot. 



Mine Rails. 



Mine rails are to be 3 in. by 5 in. by 12 ft., and of hardwood, such as beech, birch, 

 maple and oak. A small percentage of io-ft., i4-ft. and i6-ft. lengths will be accepted. 

 To be edged to size and ends cut square. Rails containing any defects that would 

 injure them for the purpose intended will not be accepted. 



Price, $13.00 per thousand board-feet. 



Flat Mine Ties. 



Flat mine ties are to be 5 ft. long, hewn or sawn on two sides, on an average 5 in 

 thick and 5 in. face. Nothing less than 4 in by 4 in by 5 ft. will be accepted. To be of 

 oak or chestnut. A small percentage of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) will be accepted. 



Price 9 cents each. 



The manufacture of round mine timbers is almost entirely a woods 



operation. 1 The trees are felled, bucked and swamped and then peeled. 



The following represents the costs involved on a winter operation 



on the Deerlodge National Forest where lodgepole pine stulls were 



produced for the Butte mining district: 2 



Operation. Cost per Thousand Feet. 



Shoveling snow i . 68 



Felling trees 48 



Trimming trees 19 



Brush disposal (piling and burning) 73 



Cutting into stull lengths 93 



Peeling 1.55 



$4.56 



The use and life of mine timbers depend upon the local conditions. 

 Where the various mine tunnels require more material for support and 

 there is likelihood of a shifting in the strata of rock or soil, considerably 

 larger quantities of material must be used. Furthermore, on account of 



1 For further information regarding logging methods, see " Logging," by R. C. Bryant. 

 John Wiley & Sons, New York City. 



2 From " Utilization and Management of Lodgepole Pine in the Rocky Mountains," 

 by D. T. Mason. U. S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 234. 



