344 



FOREST PRODUCTS 



PRINCIPAL MARKETS 



It is estimated that at least 80 per cent of the total amount of fuel 

 wood cut for that purpose is used on our farms. Ten per cent is utilized 

 in the small towns of 1000 population or less and the rural communities 

 scattered among these towns. 



Other principal markets are in mining and smelting mills, in the 

 manufacture of brick and tile, and in the manufacture of salt and wool. 

 Formerly great quantities of fuel wood were used for railroad locomotives, 

 steamboats and general power purposes. At the present time, however, 

 coal and oil have very largely supplanted wood for these purposes. 



In the smelting of copper, green wood is used in the refining process 

 to remove the impurities. This is done by introducing compressed air 

 beneath the surface of the copper and applying until the fracture of the 

 sample of copper shows that sufficient copper has been oxidized to insure 

 the removal of all impurities. Then converter poles are introduced 

 beneath the surf ace of the molten copper, their action being to reduce 

 the oxide of copper back to metallic copper. This is carried on until the 

 sample shows that this result has been accomplished and the sample has 

 acquired what is technically known as a " set." The best woods for 

 smelting purposes are green hardwoods. 



AMOUNT OF SOLID WOOD PER CORD 



The standard cord is generally accepted as a pile of wood 4 ft. wide, 

 4 ft. high and 8 ft. long. This is a stack of 128 cu. ft. The amount of 

 solid wood found in a standard cord of this size varies between 89 and 

 64 cu. ft. and depends upon such factors as the size, straightness and 

 form of the sticks, split or round, etc., and the method of piling. The 

 following table shows the volume of solid wood per cord for sticks of 

 different length and diameter : 



VOLUME OF SOLID WOOD PER CORD 1 



1 From " Factors Influencing the Volume of Solid Wood in the Cord," by R. Zon. Forestry Quar- 

 terly, Vol. I, No. 4, 1903. 



