SHINGLES AND SHAKES 365 



Shakes are commonly 24 and 32 in. long. The former are laid 7 in. 

 to the weather and the latter 10 in. 



Shingles 20 and 24 in. in length, made of southern white cedar are 

 often laid 5, 6 and 7 in. to the weather. 



Southern white cedar shingles, 4 in. in width by 20 in. in length are 

 usually laid 6 in. to the weather. Laid in this manner their length will 

 admit of three laps, which are essential to a tight roof and make pos- 

 sible a four-ply shingle roof with a 2-in. under extension. Southern 

 white cedar shingles have a covering capacity as follows: 



PACKING AND SHIPPING 



Shingles are packed in regulation frames of standard length, thick- 

 ness and width. All packing is done by hand and each grade is kept 

 separate, the packer usually being paid by the piece. 



' In Washington all shingles are cut in random widths from 2\ in. and 

 up, the average being about 4 in. A standard bundle of i6-in. 

 western red cedar shingles containing 250 pieces is 20 in. wide and has 

 24 tiers. The shingles overlap with the thin ends at the center. Foot 

 levers are used to draw the center together while wood strips across the 

 face and metal strips at each side bind the bundle in a compact manner. 



Shingle packers or " weavers," as they are called, will pack from 

 30,000 to 80,000 shingles in a ten-hour day, while the average is around 

 45,000 a day. This capacity is determined largely by the ability and 

 deftness of the weaver, and the average width and quality of the shingles. 



The cost of packing ranges from about 7 to 12 cents per thousand 

 shingles. 



Figuring 4 bundles to the thousand shingles, there are about 880 

 bundles or about 220,000 shingles per car, of the larger sizes. 



The following are the accepted rules for packing in the Northwest: 



All shingles are to be packed in regulation frames, 20 in. in width. Openings 

 shall not average more than \\ in. to the course. Perfection and Puget A shall be 

 packed 20-20 courses to the bunch and 5 bunches to the thousand. All others shall 

 be packed 25-25 courses to the bunch, 4 bunches to the thousand. Every bundle 

 is branded with the full name of the grade. Color of wood and sound sap are not 

 considered as defects. 



