FIELD APPRAISALS OF TIMBER STUMPAGE 223 



II. Volume. 



1. Species: Separate estimates for conifers and 



hardwoods, and for each commercial species. 



2. Volume in merchantable units. 



a. Board feet. 



b. Cords. 



c. Pieces (poles, ties, etc.). 



3. Deductions from gross volume. 



a. Dead timber (probable durability). 



b. Cull, due to defects (rot, wind shake). 



III. Damage. 



1. Rot: Extent, character and amount of damage. 



2. Fire: Standing dead timber, damage to live 



timber. 



3. Insects: Location, prevalence, character of 



damage. 



4. Windfall: Location, amount and condition. 



IV. Quality. 



1. Size (if necessary, for two or more size classes). 



a. Average diameters, at 4^ feet (or at stump 



height). 



b. Average heights. 



Number of merchantable i6-ft. logs. 

 Total height of tree in feet. 



2. Form of bole. 



a. Straight or crooked. 



b. Taper, expressed in inches per i6-ft. log. 



c. Clear length. Limbs, character of knots. 



3. Grades. 



Per cent of probable output in each of several 

 standard grades for species and locality. 



V. Young timber. 



1. Species. 



2. Area, in acres or in per cent of total area. 



