36 THE AGRICULTURAL PESTS OF INDIA. 



It is only in the bark that the females can deposit their 

 eggs, the sapwood and newly-formed bark affording the 

 larva nourishment; and to protect felled timber, the bark 

 should be removed as soon as the tree is felled. It. T. 

 See Coleoptera. 



Burying-beetles. See Coleoptera ; Silphidse. 



Buthus afer. See Scorpion. 



Butterflies are said to be 10,000 or 12,000 in number. 

 Few of them have an economic value, and many of their 

 caterpillars are very destructive to the leaves of vegetables. 

 Some butterflies have a wide range. Danais chrysippus 

 butterfly extends from Greece to the East Indies. It is 

 mimicked by Elymnias undularis, Argynnis niphe and A. 

 inconstans, Hypolimnas misippus, Euphoedra eleus, Papilio 

 merope, and Chary atis phileta. Others are objects of 

 wonder. Kallima inachis is the leaf butterfly of India, 

 and K. paralekta, of Sumatra, resembles dead leaves. 



Cajanus In<[icus,Sprcnycr, the pigeon-pea, has its principal 

 enemy in frost ; in the North- Western Provinces a single 

 cold night utterly ruins the crops of a whole district. 

 D. & F. Vern. Arliar, Dal 



Calandra. A genus of insects belonging to the order 

 Coleoptera, family Ehynchophora. Some of the calandra 

 group are particularly destructive to grain, pulse, and 

 millet ; others attack the sugar-cane and the palmyra tree. 

 Several of the species of calandra are popularly known 

 as weevils. C. granaria is the grain weevil ; C. oryzae is 

 the rice weevil, which destroys rice, maize, and other 

 food-grains ; C. palmarum injures the palmyra tree ; C 



