72 THE AGRICULTURAL PESTS OF INDIA. 



Hylesinus fraxini, Fair., is the ash bark beetle of 

 England. In India the Hylesini attack the bamboo and 

 the pine. Mr. Thompson has known, in Dehra Doon, a 

 species of Hylesinus attack and so entirely eat the poles 

 and rafters of houses made of the sal tree, as to cause the 

 roofs of the buildings to fall in ; and a similar occurrence 

 in a building in the hills, in which the ' Cheer ' pine, 

 Pinus longifolia, was used. R. T. 



Hymenoptera, an order in which naturalists arrange 

 several insects, some of them useful, others injurious to 

 man and his industries, as species of the genus Tenthredo, 

 family Scurifera; also the Cynips family; and the Xylocopa 

 wood borers of the family Mellifera or bees. Hymen- 

 optera comprise the gall insect, ichneumon flies, sand 

 wasps, mason wasps, mining wasps, stinging ants, common 

 ants, wasps, hornets, carpenter bees, honey bees, and 

 dammer bees, almost all of them injurious. They 

 mostly have stings with which to protect themselves, 

 and the pain from the thrust of that of the wasp, the bee, 

 the hornet, or the ichneumon is considerable, death even 

 resulting from the attacks of a multitude of bees. Even 

 large birds like the myna carefully fly off to avoid the 

 hornet's attacks. 



Icerya sacchari is the waxy sugar-cane louse, known 

 also as Le Pou a Poche* Blanche, of Queensland and 

 Mauritius. Mr. H. Ling Eoth supposes that it is milked 

 by a small black ant, Formica rufonigra, in the same 

 manner as species of the Aphides are by other ants. He 

 considers it to be the cause of injury to sugar-cane. 



Indigofera tinctoria, Linn. The most dreaded source 



