82 THE AGRICULTURAL PESTS OF INDIA. 



Quarter-ill or quarter-evil, the black-leg of Scotland, 

 occurs in Jessore. It has its origin in causes which may 

 affect the members of a herd in common, and thus may 

 assume the aspect of an epizootic. It is often fatal. 



Pleuro-pneumonia is known in the Panjab and Sind ; 

 and, although not so general or destructive as rinderpest 

 or bhooknee, the disease is a common and destructive one. 

 It appears to be more sporadic than epizootic. The 

 people do not think it is contagious ; but this is not in 

 accordance with the opinion in Great Britain, South 

 Africa, and Australia, and it is recommended to act upon 

 the contagious view. 



Bhoolmee or purging is an endemic disease of the 

 Panjab, caused by improper diet and watering, and 

 occurring to an exceptionally severe extent in an excep- 

 tionally dry year. 



Cyst disease, Echinococcus veterinorum, is the larva of 

 Tsenia echinococcus, and is prevalent among all Indian 

 cattle. Tsenia medio-canellata is the beef helminth. 



Throat disease is epizootic and fatal among Indian 

 cattle. It was not seen by the Commissioners, but was 

 surmised to be a swelling of the parotid and submaxillary 

 glands, or an effusion of blood into the subcutaneous 

 cellular tissue of the neck and dewlap. The people fire 

 the parts. 



The males of the larger of the mammalia have fierce 

 combats for -supremacy, and the defeated combatant, 

 driven from the herd, leads a solitary life, always morose, 

 and frequently mischievous. In Ceylon the elephants so 

 apart are known as the ' rogue,' but the term is applied 

 to the similarly separated males of the wild buffalo, the 

 hippopotamus, and sperm whale, and in that state they 

 often go out of their way to attack man. 



