112 THE AGJUCULTURAL PESTS OF INDIA. 



but in no way impairs the returns of opium extract. It 

 is more abundant in hot, dry seasons. J. Scott. 



Thypa eucharis attacks the Calotropis gigantea. 



Tineidse. A group of Micro-Lepidoptera, comprising a 

 large number of species. Some of them feed upon vege- 

 table substances ; some live in the stalks of plants, corn, 

 etc. ; others mine the surface of the leaves, or live 

 between the surfaces of leaves. Many of the species 

 form galleries or moveable cases out of the materials 

 upon which they feed. Some species feed on feathers, 

 hair, or dry animal matter. The clothes moths belong- 

 to this family. Some species of Galleria live in bees* 

 nests, and occasionally do much mischief. 



Tipula. Species of tipula are known as the crane-fly or 

 daddy long-legs. The larvae hatched from their eggs 

 feed on the tender rootlets of grass and other herbage, 

 and also attack young plants. They often do an immense 

 amount of mischief, laying bare large patches of meadow, 

 and destroying great quantities of young corn. The 

 caterpillar of one Bengal species, in 1878, was a very 

 serious enemy of the young poppy, eating it off during 

 the night. It is three-quarters of an inch long, appearing 

 in December to the middle of January, when they bury 

 themselves in the soil and change to pupre, the perfect 

 insect appearing in February and March. Nothing but 

 hand-picking was found of use. The head of the larva 

 is black and horny, with keenly incisive jaws, the 

 body colour varies from clayey-brown to greyish-black, 

 Tipula Iarva3 do much injury to the stored poppy seed, 

 but can be prevented by sprinkling powdered camphor 

 in the pots and granaries. R. T. ; J. S. 



Tomici. The species of the genera Hylesinus, Scolytus, 

 and Tomicus are small beetles, but numerous and common. 



