VI 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXI. FUNCTIONS OF THE LEAF-. 



Most obvious use Absorption Digestion Exhalation Respiration. DURA- 

 TION OP LEAVES: Deciduous Fugaceous Persistent Development De- 

 cay and Fall pp. 5458 



CHAPTER XXII. FOOD OF PLANTS. 



Elementary Constituents Common Sources of Food Particular Sources of 

 Food Liebig's Classification Organic Elements Inorganic Elements. 



pp. 5S 60 



CHAPTER XXIII. INFLORESCENCE. 



Subject defined Peduncle Rachis Pedicels Scape Solitary Inflorescence 

 Two principal kinds of Inflorescence. CENTRIPETAL FORMS : Spike Raceme 

 Corymb Panicle Tliyrse Compound Inflorescence Ament Spadix 

 Umbel. CENTRIFUGAL FORMS: Cyme Fascicle Verticillaster Bracte- 

 oles pp. 6064 



CHAPTER XXIV. ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION. 



Essential Organs Stamens Pistils Complete Flower Variations Trans- 

 formed Organs Metamorphoses Occurrence of the same number Abortion 

 Suppression Coalescence Adnation Chorisis Regular Multiplication- 

 Irregularity of Form. Flower: Dimerous Trimerous Tetramerous Pen- 

 tamerous Symmetrical Flower Regular Flower Complete Flower In- 

 fertile Flower Fertile Flower Flowers Polygamous pp. 6467 



CHAPTER XXV. FLORAL ENVELOPES. 



Prefloration Imbricated Vexillary Convolute Supervolute Valvular- 

 Poppy. CALYX: Elementary Composition Monosepalons Position in re- 

 gard to the Ovary : Inferior Superior Bracteoles Glumes Valve. PAP- 

 PUS : Pilose Plumose -Setose Paleaceous Involucre Spathe Involncel. 

 COROLLA : Elementary Composition Monopetalous Polypetalous. Parts 

 of Monapetalons Corolla: Tube Throat Limb. MONAPETALOUS FORMS: 

 Sal ver-form Rotate Campanulate Funnel-form Tubular. LAHIATE 

 FORMS: Personate Ringent Parts of Petal Lamina Claw. POLYPETA- 

 LOUS FORMS : Caryophyllaceous Rosaceous Papilionaceous Liliaceous 

 Regular Irregular Defective Nectary. FLORETS : Discoid Radiant 

 Radiate Color of Flowers Changes of Color Odor. DURATION OF FLORAL 

 ENVELOPES: Caducous Deciduous Persistent Functions of Floral Enve- 

 lopes pp. 67 T5 



CHAPTER XXVL THE STAMENS. 



Essential Organs Parts of Stamen Elementary Composition Stamen a 

 Transformed Leaf Filament ANTHER : Mode of Attachment Innate 

 Adnate Versatile Dehiscence Connectile. POLLEN: Its Coverings Ex- 

 tine Inline Fovilla Androecium Number of Stamens Comparative Size 

 Other Peculiarities pp. 75 77 



CHAPTER XXVII. THE PISTIL. 



The Subject defined Pistil Ovary Style Stigma Elementary Composition 

 Gynoecium Functions pp. 78 80 



CHAPTER XXVIII. THE OVARY. 



Subject defined Carpels Dissepiments Cells Relations of Number in tho 

 Normal Structure Origin of the Carpels. SUTURES: Ventral Dorsal Pla- 

 centa. PLACENTATION : Axillary Parietal Free Central False Dissepi- 

 ments pp. 80, 81 



CHAPTER XXIX THE FRUIT. 



Subject defined Pericarp Epicarp Endocarp Sarcocarp Putamen. DB- 

 HISCKXCE: Septieidal Loculicidal Soptifragal Sutnral Transverse Other 

 Varieties Fruit Forms Simple Fruits Capsule Silique Silicle Legume 

 Follicle Berry Pepo Pome Drupe Achenium Caryopsis Nut 

 Samara Pyxis. MULTIPLE FRUITS : Fig Cone Pine-Apple Double 

 Fruits pp. SI S5 



CHAPTER XXX. THE SEED. 



Elementary Composition Structure Integuments Episperm Endosperm 

 Nucleus Mycropyle Foramen Chalaza Funiculus Albumen Embryo 

 Aril Germination Dissemination of Seeds Longevity pp. 85 89 



CHAPTER XXXL SENSIBILITY OF PLANTS. 



Motions Caused by Light Papilionaceous Flowers Motions Caused by Touch 

 Spontaneous Movements Movements of Spores Effect of Poisons. 



pp. 89, 90 



CHAPTER XXXII. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS. 

 Origin General Laws of Distribution Arctic Flora Region of Linna;us 

 Zone of Evergreen Woods Japanese Region Oriental Tropical Zone Re- 

 gion of Myrtle and Acacia Region of Fig-Marigolds De Lisle's Region- 

 Region of Asters and Golden-rods Region of Magnolias Region of Cacti 

 and Peppers Region of Arborescent Composite Antarctic Region Par- 

 tial Distribution pp. 9194 



CHAPTER XXXIIL ECONOMICAL USES OF PLANTS. 



USES OF THE ROOT: Nutritive Properties Substitutes for Bread Potato 

 Sweet Potato Yam Manioc Taro Tapioca Arrow-root Esculent Roots 

 Aromatic Roots Cordage from Roots Madder Alkanet Turmeric. 

 USES OF THE STEM: Ornamental Woods Bamboo Cedar Charcoal and 

 Potashes Dye Woods Ferula Sola Sago. BARKS: Astringent Cinna- 

 mon Gall-nuts. BASS-FIBRE: Silk-weedIndian Hemp Lace Tree Pa- 

 per Mulberry New Zealand Flax Nettle-worts Manilla. USES OF TUB 

 LEAF : Thatching Manufactures Papa w Tea Paraguay Tea Henna 

 Indigo. USES OF THE FLOWER: Safflower Saffron Capers Cloves Per- 

 fumes Essences Conserves. USES OF THE FRUIT : Edible Fruits Coffee 

 Olive Cocoa Sapindus. Fruits used as Bread : Coeoanut Plantain 

 Banana Biead-fruit Date Fig Tamarind Vanilla. USES OF THE SEED : 

 Leguminous Seeds Oleaginous Seeds Nutmeg. USES OF THE WIIOI.K 

 PLANT: Grasses Iceland Moss Carragheen Moss Archil Cudbear. SE- 

 CRETIONS OF PLANTS AND THEIR USES: Gums Resins Balsams India- 

 rubber Gutta-percha Dragon's-blood Wax Poisonous Secretions Cow- 

 treo Sugar-cane Sugar Maple Arnotto Varnishes Indigo Dyers' Weed 

 Groat and Universal Uses of Plants Concluding Remarks. pp. 94100 



PART II. SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



Classification of Plants Kinds of Classification Natural Method- Species- 

 Varieties Genus Subgenera Orders Classes Subclasses Distinctions 

 between Cryptogamia and Phsenogamia Subdivision of Phsenogamia Dis- 

 tinctions between Exogens and Endogens Angiosperms Gymnosperms 



Subdivision of Angiosperms Polypetalse Monopetalfe Apetalse Subdivi- 

 sions of Cryptogamia Acrogens Anophytes ThallophyteB Nomenclature- 

 Pronunciation Botanical Analysis Preservation of Specimens . . pp. 101106 



ORDERS OF THE NATURAL SYSTEM pp. 106 132 



FLORA , pp. 133223 



PLATES. 



Page 



I. THE CELLS 5 



II. CONTENTS OF THE CELLS EPIDERMIS 12 



III. PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT 15 



IV. GRAND DIVISIONS 19 



V. THE COTYLEDONS GERMINATION 21 



VL ROOT FORMS 28 



VII. ROOTS AND STEMS 26 



VI 1 1 WOOD 29 



IX. STEM FORMS 82 



X. STEM AND LEAF 85 



XI. ARRANGEMENT AND VENATION 88 



XII.-LEAF FORMS 41 



XIII. LEAF FORMS... 44 



XIV. COMPOUND LEAVES 4T 



XV. LEAF MARGIN . . 50 



XVI. SUMMIT OF THE LEAF 68 



XVII. THE PETIOLE 56 



XVIII.-STIPULES 59 



XIX. BRACTS 62 



XX. INFLORESCENCE 64 



XXL INFLORESCENCE 66 



XXII -PREFLORATION THE CALYX 68 



XXIII. -THE COROLLA TO 



XXIV. COROLLA 72 



XXV. STAMENS AND PISTILS 74 



XXVL PLACENTATION DEHISCENCE 76 



XXVII. FRUIT FORMS 82 



XXVIII. FRUIT AND SEED 86 



XXIX. REMARKABLE PLANTS M 



