110 



OKDER XXV. TERNSTRCE3IIACEJ3. ORDER XXXV. ANACARDIACEJE. 



at base. Stamens usually indefinite, distinct, hypogynous. 

 Ovary with 2 10 united carpels. Styles united into 1. Stigmas 

 as many as the carpels. Fruit a 2 5-celled capsule, often by 

 abortion 1-celled; 1 2-seeded. 



A chiefly tropical order, represented in the North by the Linden, or Bass- 

 wood (Tttia). 



ORDER XXV. Ternstroemiaceae. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, simple, with- 

 out stipules. Flowers usually white, large, and showy. Sepals 

 3 7, coriaceous, deciduous. Petals 59,. imbricated in preflora- 

 tiou. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, united by their filaments 

 into 1 or several sets. Ovary several-celled. Styles 3 7, more 

 or less united. Fruit a 2 7-celled capsule. Seeds large, few in 

 each celL 



An order of ornamental, chiefly tropical shrubs. The well-known Camellia 

 belongs here, and also the Tea-shrub (Thea). 



ORDER XXVI. AurantiaceaB. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, either compound, or with 

 jointed petioles. Stipules wanting. Flowers fragrant Sepals 

 united into an urceolate, or campanulate cup. Petals 3 5. 

 Stamens equalling the petals in number, or some multiple of 

 them, inserted in a single row upon a hypogynous disk, often 

 united in 1, or -several sets. Style 1. Fruit a large, globular, 

 many-celled berry, covered with a thick leathery rind, and con- 

 taining a pulp. 



An order of Asiatic trees, distinguished by their juicy, aromatic, and often 

 delicious fruits, as in the Citrim, a genus that contains the Orange, Lemon, and 

 Citron. 



GROUP VI 

 ORDER XXVII. LinaceaB. 



Herbs, sometimes suffruticose. Leaves sessile, entire, alternate, 

 or apparently opposite, destitute of stipules. Flowers regular, 

 symmetrical. Sepals 3 5, distinct, or somewhat united at base. 

 Petals as many as the sepals, and alternate with them, convolute 

 in prefloration. Stamens as many as the petals, usually al- 

 ternate, with 5 processes resembling teeth, and united with 

 them in a hypogynous ring. Styles as many as the stamens. 

 Ovaries of 3 5 united carpels. Stigmas capitate. Capsule 

 globose, 3 5-celled, each cell more or less completely divided by 

 a false dissepiment. Carpels 2-valved at apex, 2-seeded. Seeds 

 without albumen. 



A small order distinguished by the symmetry of its flowers. The principal 

 genus is Linum, one species of which furnishes the important article, Flax. 



ORDER XXVIII. Geraniaceas. 



Herbs, sometimes somewhat suffrutieose. Stems with tumid 

 nodes. Leaves usually palmately veined, and lobed, the lower 

 ones generally opposite. Sepals 5, persistent Petals 5, ungui- 

 culate, sometimes unequal. Stamens 10, hypogynous, united by 

 their broad filaments ; 3 or 5 of them sometimes sterile. Ovary 

 with 5 2-ovuled carpels. Styles attached to the base of a pro- 

 longed axis, to which the styles adhere. Fruit consisting of 5 1- 

 seeded carpels, which at length separate from the axis by curv- 

 ing back from their base, remaining attached at summit by the 

 persistent, hardened styles. 



A Tory ornamental order, chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The 

 roots are astringent, and sometimes used as medicine. Examples are the com- 

 mon Cranes-bill (Gfanium m<icul<itum), and the numerous species of Pelar- 

 gonium, which constitute the great majority of plants cultivated, and known as 

 Geraniums. 



ORDER XXIX. Oxalidaceae. 



Herbs, with an acrid juice. Leaves alternate, compound. 

 Flowers perfect, regular. Sepals 5, persistent, distinct, or slightly 

 coherent at base. Petals 5, equal, unguiculate, deciduous, 

 spirally twisted in prefloration. Stamens 10, hypogynous, more 

 or less monadelphous, those opposite the petals longest Ovary 



consisting of 5 united carpels, opposite the petals. Styles 5, dis- 

 tinct Fruit a membranous, 5-lobed, 5-celled capsule, usually 

 separable into the 5 carpels. 



A small order of plants distinguished by their sour juice, which contains 

 oxalic acid. The Oxalis ( Wood-sorrel), is our only example. 



ORDER XXX. Balsaminaceas. 



Succulent herbs. Leaves simple, without stipules. Flowers 

 very irregular. Sepals 5. deciduous, colored, the 2 upper, or in- 

 terior ones, united ; the- lowest spurred, or gibbous. Petals 4, 

 united by pairs. Stamens 5, hyjjpgynous, cohering at apex. 

 Filaments subulate. Anthers 2-celle J. Capsule 5-celled, bursting 

 elastically by the 5 valves. Seeds several in each cell 



A small and unimportant order of succulent plants, but affording many or- 

 namental flowers. The genus Iinpatiens contains the Garden Balsamine, and 

 two native species. 



ORDER XXXI. Tropceolaceze. 



Twining, or running herbs, with a pungent watery juice. 

 Leaves peltate, or palmate. Flowers irregular. Calyx consisting 

 of 5 colored, united sepals, the lowest spurred. Petals 5, the 

 three lower stalked. Stamens 8, distinct, unequal. Ovary with 

 3 united carpels. Style 1. Fruit separating into 3 indehiscent, 

 1-seeded carpels. Seeds large, with large and thick cotyledons. 



This order consists of a few South American plants. One species of Tropoe- 

 olurn (yasturtium), is common in cultivation. 



ORDER XXXII. Limnanthaceae. 



Annual herbs, with a somewhat acrid juice. Leaves alternate, 

 pinnatifid. Flowers regular. Sepals 3 5, united at base, per- 

 sistent Petals 3 5. Stamens twice as many as the petals, hy- 

 pogynous. Ovary consisting of 2 5 distinct carpels, opposite 

 the petals. Fruit of 2 5 somewhat fleshy achenia. 



Marsh herbs, represented at the North by Flcerkia. 



ORDER XXXIII. Kutaceas. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves punctate, without stipules. 

 Flowers perfect Sepals 4 5. Petals 4 5. Stamens as many, 

 or twice as many as the petals, inserted on a hypogynous disk. 

 Ovary 3 5-lobed, 3 5-celled. Styles united, or distinct only at 

 base. Fruit usually separating into 3 5 few-seeded carpels, 



A family of plants remarkable for their strong odor, and intense bitterness. 

 The common Rue of the garden (Ruta), is a good example of this chiefly tropi- 

 cal order. 



GROUP VTL 

 ORDER XXXIV. Zanthoxylaceae. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves without stipules, punctate with 

 pellucid dots, usually pinnate. Flowers regular, polygamous. 

 Sepals 3 9, small, cohering at base. Petals as many as the 

 sepals, or none. Stamens as many as the sepals, and alternate 

 with them, rarely twice as many, in the pistillate flowei-s imper- 

 fect, or wanting. Ovaries as many as the sepals, rarely fewer, 

 more or less stipitate, distinct, or united. Fruit sometimes 

 baccate, or membranaceous, usually of 1 5 drupes, or 2-valved, 

 1 2-seeded capsules. 



A small order of trees, mostly tropical, distinguished by tho bitter and aro- 

 matic properties of their bark, of which Zanthoxylnm (Pridkly-Ash), is our 

 only example. 



ORDER XXXV. Anacardiaeeae. 



Trees, or shrubs, with a resinous, gummy, or milky, sometimes 

 acrid juice. Leaves simple, or compound, alternate, not dotted, 

 destitute of stipules. Flowers small, often polygamous, or dioeci- 

 ous. Sepals 5, rarely 3, united at base, persistent. Petals as 

 many as the sepals, sometimes none. Stamens as many as the 

 petals, alternate with them, inserted on the base of the calyx. 

 Ovary 1-celled, nearly or quite free from the calyx. Ovule soli- 



