ORDER LX. CAPRIFOLIACEJ2. ORDER LXII. VALERIANACE2E. 



115 



celled, rarely a 4 5-celled pod, each cell with two or more 

 ovules. Orders LXXIV. LXXVIII. inclusive. 



GROUP 6. Leaves simple. Corolla usually more or less ir- 

 regular. Ovary 4-lobed ; or at least in fruit separable into 24 

 achenia; rarely a single achenium. Orders LXXIX. LXXXI. 

 inclusive. 



GROUP 7. Corolla nearly or quite regular. Stamens 4 12. 

 Ovary single, 1 6-celled. Orders LXXXIL LXXXVIL in- 

 clusive, 



GROUP 8. Corolla 5-parted. Ovary double, generally form- 

 ing in fruit a pair of follicles. Juice usually milky. Orders 

 LXXXVIH. and LXXXIX. 



GROUP 9. Shrubs, or trees. Stamens 2. Orders XC. and 

 XCI. 



GROUP I. 



ORDER LX. Caprifoliaceae. 



Shrubs, often climbing; rarely herbs. Leaves opposite. 

 Stipules none. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; limb 4 5 

 cleft Corolla regular, or irregular; limb 4 5-lobed. Stamens 

 4 5, alternate with the corolla-segments when equalling them 

 in number. Ovary 3 5-celled. Style 1. Fruit usually a berry, 

 or drupe, sometimes dry, always crowned with the persistent 

 calyx-teeth. Seeds pendulous. 



An order comprising many ornamental plants, chiefly natives of the tem- 

 perate zones. Sambucus (Elder), Viburnum and Lonicera, one species of 

 which, L. Caprifolium, is seen in fig. 14, are examples. 



Fig. 14 



ORDER LXI. Rubiacese. 



Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticil- 

 late, entire. Stipules present, interpetiolar (292 at 3), sometimes 

 taking the size and appearance of leaves. Calyx-tube more or 

 less adherent to the ovary. Limb 3 5-cleft, sometimes obsolete. 

 Corolla regular, 3 5-lobed. Stamens equalling the number of 

 the corolla-lobes, alternate with them, inserted in the tube. 

 Ovary 2 5-celled. Style entire, or partially divided. Fruit of 

 various forms. 



A large order containing 2 suborders represented in our district, Stellate 

 and Cincuome. Of Stellataj we have an example in Galium trillornm, repre- 

 sented by fig. 15, and of Cinchonas in Hedyotis casrulea, flg. 16. This order 

 yields many products of importance, both in Medicine and the Arts. Madder, 



the most valuable of vegetable rod dyes, is found in the roots of Rubia tinctoria. 

 Peruvian Bark is the product of several species of Cinchona, native of South 



Fig. 15. 



America ; and the genuine Ipecac is extracted from the roots of Cephaelis Ipeca- 

 cuanha, of Brazil Coffee is the bard albumen of the seeds of Ooffea Arabica, 

 a small evergreen tree, native of Arabia. 



Fig. 16. 



ORDER LXII. Valerianacese. 



Herbs. Leaves opposite. Stipules none. Calyx-tube ad- 

 herent to the ovary ; limb 2 4-toothed, or obsolete, or reduced 

 to a kind of pappus. Corolla tubular, or funnel-form, 4 5-lobed, 

 sometimes with a spur at base. Stamens distinct, inserted on 

 the corolla, usually fewer than its lobes. Ovary containing a 

 single ovule, with 1 cell perfect, and 2 abortive ones. Seeds pen- 

 dulous in the indehiscent pericarp. 



A small order of mostly unimportant plants. Valeriana ( Valerian), from 



species of which the Valerian of the shops is extracted, and Fedia (Lamb 

 Lettuce), are examples. 



