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ORDEE XC. JASMINACE^!. OEDEE XcVl. NYCTAGINACE^E. 



GROUP IX. 



ORDER XC. Jasminaceae. 



Shrubs, often with twining stems. Leaves opposite or alter- 

 nate, often compound. Flowers corymbose, white or yellow, 

 usually fragrant. Calyx 5 10-cleft, persistent Corolla regular, 

 hypocrateriform ; limb with 5 10 divisions, imbricate, and 

 twisted in prefloration. Stamens 2, inserted on the corolla, and 

 inclosed within its tube. Ovary free, 2-celled, each cell with 1 

 ovule. Style 1. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a double berry, or a 

 capsule separating into 2 portions. Seeds 2. 



A small order chiefly of tropical or Indian shrubs. Jasminum (the Jessa- 

 mine), is very commonly cultivated. 



ORDER XCI. Oleacese 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple or pinnate. Flowers 

 perfect, or polygamous. Sepals united at base, persistent, some- 

 times none. Petals 4, united below, sometimes distinct, valvate 

 in prefloration, sometimes none. Stamens 2. Anthers 2-celled. 

 Ovary free, 2-celled. Ovules pendulous. Style 1. Stigma 1, or 

 bifid. Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or a samara, usually 1-celled, 

 1 2-seeded, by abortion. 



A small order containing many ornamental plants, as Syrinza (Lilac) and 

 Chionanthus (Fringe-tree). The European Olive yields Olive-oil. Manna ex- 

 udes from the trunk of a European species of Ash. 



m. APETAL. 



Plants with only a single series of floral envelopes (calyx), or 

 with none. 



Apetdlous plants not included under Apetalce. 



Order I. Ranunculacen?. Herbs. Flowers perfect. Ovaries 

 several, or many, 1-celled, rarely single in plants with decom- 

 pound leaves. 



Order XX. Caryophyllacese. Herbs, not aquatic. Leaves 

 opposite or verticillate. Flowers perfect. Stamens 3 or 10. 



Order XXXIV. Zanthoxylaceae. Prickly shrubs. 



Order XXXVI. Aceracese. Trees with palmately-lobed 

 leaves. Flowers in umbels or loose paniculate clusters. Sepals 

 5, usually colored. 



Order XLV. Rosacese. Herbs with pinnate stipulate leaves. 

 Flowers in spikes or heads. 



Order XLIX. Onagracese. Aquatic, or mud plants, with 

 alternate or verticillate leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, ses- 

 sile. Stamens 8, 4, 3, or 1. 



Order LIV. Crassulacese. Herbs. Calyx 5-parted. Ovaries 

 of 5 partly-united carpels. 



Order LVI. Saxifragacese. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Flow- 

 ers perfect. Stamens 8, rarely 10. 



Order LXIV. Composite. Herbs. Monoscious. Staminate 

 flowers consisting of several 5-toothed florets, composed of 6 sta- 

 mens, partially united by their anthers. 



Order XCL Oleacese. Trees with pinnate leaves. Stamens 

 2. Fruit a samara. 



Apetales proper. 



GROUP 1. Herbs, or shrubby climbers. Flowers perfect. 

 Calyx present Stamens 6, 10, or 12. Ovaries several-celled. 

 Orders XCIL and XCIII. 



GROUP 2. Herbs. Leaves simple, never opposite in climbing 

 species. Flowers perfect, and the styles or stigmas 1, or more ; 

 or else diclinous, and the styles or stigmas 2 or more. Ovary 1- 

 celled, 1-ovuled, free from the calyx. Orders XCIV. XCVII. 

 inclusive. 



GROUP 3. Trees, or shrubs ; rarely herbs with a 5-parted ad- 

 herent calyx. Flowers never in aments or globular balls. Sta- 

 mens 39. Styles or stigmas 12. Orders XCVIIL GUI. 

 inclusive. 



GROUP 4. Aquatic, or marsh herbs. Flowers perfect o* 

 polygamous, with a several-celled ovary ; or else monoecious, 

 with a 1-celled ovary, and the stamens 12 or more. Orders 

 CIV. CVII. inclusive. 



GROUP 5. Herbs, or evergreen shrubs. Ovary several-celled, 

 becoming in fruit a capsule or drupe. Orders CVIII. and CIX. 



GROUP 6. Trees, or shrubs. Flowers monoecious, or dioeci- 

 ous. Staminate flowers, and frequently the pistillate flowers 

 also, in dry oblong or cylindrical aments. Orders CX. CXIV. 

 inclusive. 



GROUP 7. Trees with palmately-lobed leaves. Flowers in 

 dry globular aments. Orders CXV. and CXVI. 



GROUP 8. Trees, or shrubs, usually with a milky or yellow 

 juice ; or else herbs with a watery juice. Order CXVII. 



GROUP I. 



ORDER XCII. Aristolochiacege. 



Herbs, or shrubby plants ; in the latter case often climbing. 

 Leaves alternate or radical. Flowers perfect, solitary, of a dull 

 brown or greenish color. Calyx-tube more or less adherent to 

 the ovary; limb 3-cleft. Stamens 6 or 12, epigynous, or adher- 

 ent to the base of the short and thick style. Ovary 3 or 6-celled. 

 Stigmas radiate, as many as the cells of the ovary. Fruit a 

 many-seeded capsule or berry. 



A small order of chiefly tropical plants, distinguished by their stimulant and 

 tonic properties. Asarum ( Wild Ginger), and Aristolt>chia ( Virginia Snake- 

 root), are examples. 



ORDER XCIII. Phytolaccacese. 



Herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, without stipules. 

 Flowers perfect, in racemes. Sepals 4 5, petaloid. Stamens 

 4 5 and alternate with the sepals; or else 10 or more. Ovary 

 1 or several-celled. Styles and stigmas as many as the cells. 

 Fruit dry or baccate, consisting of 1, or several 1-seeded carpels. 



A small, chiefly tropical order, represented here by a single species of Phy- 

 tolacca (Pokeweed). 



GROUP H. 

 ORDER XCIV. Chenopodiacese. 



Herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, often more or less 

 succulent or fleshy. Sometimes none. Flowers greenish, incon- 

 spicuous, usually perfect, sometimes dioecious or polygamous. 

 Calyx sometimes tubular at base, persistent. Stamens as many 

 as the calyx-segments, or fewer, inserted at their base. Ovary 

 free, 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Styles 2 4, rarely 1. Fruit a utricle. 



An order of weedy, unimportant, often maritime plants. Chenopodiuni 

 (Goosefoot, Pigweed}, Beta (Beet), and Salicornia (Samphire), are examples. 



ORDER XCV. Amaranthacese. 



Herbs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flow- 

 ers in heads or spikes, or dense clusters, furnished with dry and 

 scarious, usually colored bracts. Calyx consisting of 3 5, dry 

 and scarious, persistent sepals. Stamens 3 5, or more, hypogy- 

 nous, distinct or monadelphous. Ovary free, 1-celled, with 1 or 

 more ovules. Fruit a utricle, rarely a many-seeded capsule. 



An order of plants containing a few species whoso brightly-colored and im- 

 perishable flowers are ornamental, but the greater portion are mere weeds. 

 Amaranthus, Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth), and Celosia (Cockscomb), arc 

 examples. 



ORDER XCVI. Nyctaginaceae. 



Herbs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, one of each pair smaller 

 than the other. Calyx colored, infundibuliform, often with 2 

 bracts resembling a calyx at base, at length separating from the 

 lower part, which hardens and incloses the achenium. Stamens 



