ORDER II. MAGNOLIACE.E MAGNOLIA-FAMILY. ORDER VI. CABOMBACEJE WATER-SIHELD-FAMILY. 135 



bee bad alighted in its cavity. A tall species 45 feet high, common in gar- 

 dens. July Aug. Per. 



10. ACONlTUM. 



Sepals 6, petaloid, caducous, upper one large, vaulted. Petals 

 5, 8 lower ones minute, 2 upper on long claws, expanded into a 

 sac, or short spur at the summit, concealed beneath the galea. 

 Per. 



1. A. Napellus. Monk's Hood. 



Stem straight, erect; leaves deeply 5-cleft; leaflets pinnatifid, segments 

 linear, entire, furrowed above ; upper sepal arched at the back ; ovaries smooth ; 

 flowers large, dark blue, in long racemes. Marked by the broad, vaulted upper 

 sepal, somewhat resembling a monk's cowl Plant 4 feet high, in gardens. 

 Aug. 



11. ACTJlA. 



Sepals 4 5, roundish, deciduous. Petals 4 8, spatulate. 

 Stamens indefinite. Anthers 2-lobed, introrse. Stigma capitate, 

 sessile. Berry globose, with lateral furrows, 1-celled. Seeds 

 many, compressed. Per. 



1. A. rubra. 



Red Baneberry. 



Stem erect, smooth ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate, serrate, 

 acuminate, smooth ; flowers small, white, in a dense hemispherical raceme, 

 pedicellate, followed by red berries on slender pedicels, containing about 11 

 seeds. An elegant plant, quite common in rocky woods, 1 2 feet high. May. 



2. A. alba. 



White Baneberry. 



Leaves ternately decompound; flowers white, in oblong racemes; petals 

 truncate ; ripe berries milk-white, often tipped with purple, on thickened pedi- 

 cels which are purple in fruit, though whitish-green at the period of flowering, 

 and are as large as the peduncle. Grows in rocky grounds, often with the last, 

 which it very much resembles in foliage and general appearance, but is a some- 

 what stouter plant, blossoming a week later. It is easily distinguished when 

 In flower by its oblong racemes, and when in frnit by its white berries with 

 their thick pedicels. May. 



12. PuE6NIA. 



Sepals 5, unequal, leafy, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens nu- 

 merous. Ovaries 2- 5. Stigmas sessile, double, persistent. 

 Follicles many-seeded, opening above. Per. 



1. P. Officinalis. 



Peony. 



Stem erect, herbaceous, smooth ; lower leaves bi-pinnately divided, coriace- 

 ous ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, incised ; frnit downy, nearly straight ; root fasci- 

 culate. A splendid garden plant, universally known. Flowers 2' 3' in diame- 

 ter, generally double, and varying from a rich dark red to a beautiful rose-color, 

 and even a pure white. May June. 



is. NIGLLA. 



Sepals 5, colored. Petals 5, 3-cleft. Styles 5. Capsules 5, 

 follicular, convex. An. 



1. N. daiuascena. 



Stem erect, branching, smooth; leaves twice and thrice pinnatifid, very 

 finely dissected ; ultimate segments subulate ; flowers terminal, solitary, sur- 

 rounded by a leafy involucre, white or pale blue, often double; anthers obtuse ; 

 carpels 5, 2-celled, smooth, united as far as the ends into an ovoid-globose cap- 

 sule. A common garden flower. JuneSept. An. 



ORDER II. Magnoliacese. Magnolia-family. 



1. MAGNOLIA. 



Sepals 5. Petals 6 12, caducous. Carpels 1 2-seeded,, 

 persistent, forming a strobile-like fruit. Seeds baccate, sub-cor- 

 date, suspended by a long funiculus when mature. Trees. 



1. M. glauca. Small Magnolia. 



Leaves oval, smooth, entire, obtuse, glaucous beneath ; flowers solitary, 2' 

 In diameter, fragrant; sepals 8; petals obovate, concave, narrowed at base, 

 erect A small tree, distinguished by its beautiful foliage and flowers, not un- 

 common in the Middle States, and sometimes found in swamps in New Eng- 

 land, especially in Gloucester, Mass. Cultivated as an ornamental tree. July. 



2. LIEIOD^NDKON. 



Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6. Carpels 1 2-seeded, indehis- 

 cent, imbricated in a cone, the apex ending in a lanceolate wing. 



1. L. tulipifera. Tulip-tree. 



Leaves of a rich dark green, very glabrous, truncate, with 2 lateral lobes, on 

 long petioles ; flowers large, solitary, fragrant, terminating the branches, green- 

 ish-yellow outside, orange within ; sepals oval, concave, veined, at first spread- 

 ing, afterwards reflexed. A noble tree, growing 60 80 feet high in Now Eng- 

 land, and larger elsewhere. Often cultivated for ornament May June. 



ORDER V. Berberidaceae. Ba/rberry-family. 



i. BRBERIS. 



Sepals 6, outer 3 smaller. Petals 6, roundish, with 2 glands 

 at the base of each. Stamens 6; filaments flattened. Stigma 

 orbicular, compressed, sessile. Fruit a 2 3-seeded, oblong berry. 

 Shrubs. 



1. B. vulgaris. 



Barberry. 



Leaves oval, or obovate, sharply serrate, with mucronate teeth, smooth, 

 growing in clusters, with 8 spines at base ; flowers yellow, in axillary, nodding 

 racemes : petals entire ; berries oblong, red, very acid. A well-known shrub, 

 growing in sandy soils, along road-sides, and in rocky pastures, 5 10 feet high. 

 The young branches are light grey and punctate ; .the stamens are very irrita- 

 ble, springing with violence against tho pistil, when touched at the base of the 

 filament June. 



2. LE6NTICE. 



Sepals 3 6. Petals 6, with nectariferous scales at the base 

 within. Stamens 6. Pericarp membranaceous, 2 4-seeded. 

 Seeds erect, globose. Per. 



1. L. thalictroides. Blue Cohosh. 



Very glabrous ; leaves bi-ternate and tri-ternate ; leaflets nearly ovate, irre- 

 gularly lobed, oblique at base, terminal one broadest equally 8-lobed ; stem 

 simple, smooth, bearing 2 leaves, lower one tri-ternate, upper bi-ternate ; flow- 

 ers of a greenish-yellow, in small racemose panicles ; seeds 2, or 1 by abortion, 

 deep blue, soon bursting the integument of the ripe fruit and when raised upon 

 their stalks, they resemble berries. Found in woods, growing 1 2 feet high. 

 When it first appears the whole plant is of a purple hue, and the leaves being 

 rolled up together, it somewhat resembles a Fern just springing up. April 

 May. , 



a PODOPHYLLUM. 



Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 69, obovate. Stamens 9 18. 

 Anthers linear. Ovary ovate, thick, sessile, peltate. Fruit a 

 large, ovoid berry, 1-celled, and tipped with the stigma. Per. 



1. P. peltatum. May-Apple. 



Stem, smooth, round, about 1 foot high, bearing at summit 2 leaves, and a 

 nodding flower between them ; leaves large, often from 6' 10' in diameter, 

 peltate, often cordate at base, palmately 5 7-lobed ; lobes again 2-lobed, and 

 dentate at apex; flower solitary, white, 1' 2' in diameter; petals curiously 

 veined ; fruit ovoid, yellowish, sub-acid and eatable, when ripe. A peculiar 

 and curious plant of woods and fields. Rare in N. England. Very common in 

 Western N. York, abundantly covering the hill-sides. The barren stems sup- 

 port but 1 leaf, which is very perfectly peltate. May. 



ORDER VI. 



Cabombacese. 

 family. 



Water-shield- 



1. BRAS^NIA. 



Sepals 3 6, colored within, persistent. Petals 34. Stamens 

 18 36. Ovaries 6 18. Carpels oblong, 2, or by abortion. 1- 

 seeded. Per. 



1. B. peltata. Water-shield. 



Stem floating, branched ; leaves exactly elliptical, and centrally peltate, en 

 tire, smooth, often marked with purple beneath, floating on the surface of the 

 water ; stem, under surface of the leaves and peduncles, covered with a soft 



