136 ORDER Vin. NYMPHOZACEJE WATER-LILY-FAMILY. ORDER XI. FUMARIACE.E FUMITORY-TRIBE. 



slimy substance ; flowers jnst rising above the water, dull purple, i' in diame- 

 ter. A not uncommon inhabitant of muddy ponds and deep stagnant waters. 

 July. 



OEDEE VHL Nymphceacese. Water-Lily- 

 family. 



1. NYMPH(EA 



Sepals 4 5. Petals and stamens indefinite in number, in- 

 sensibly passing into each other. Stigma surrounded by rays. 

 Pericarp many-celled, many-seeded. Per. 



1. N. odorata. 



White Pond-lily. 



Leaves orbicular, cordate at base, entire, smooth, with prominent veins be- 

 neath, dark green above, paler beneath, always floating on the surface ; petioles 

 semi-cylindrical, very long in deep water ; sepals 4, equalling the petals, which 

 are lanceolate, white, often tinged with purple ; filaments yellow. This truly 

 beautiful flower, which claims superiority over all our water plants, for com- 

 bined elegance and fragrance, is common in deep ponds, and slow-moving 

 rivers, where its thick, fleshy, creeping rhizomas are protected from the winter 



cold. July. 



2. NtTPHAE. 



Sepals 5 6, somewhat petaloid. Petals numerous, inserted 

 with the sepals, much smaller, nectariferous on the back. Sta- 

 mens linear, truncate, inserted with the petals. Stigma sur- 

 rounded with rays. Per. 



1. N. ad vena. Yellow Pond-lily. 



Leaves oval, smooth, entire, cordate at base, with an open sinus, on long, 

 semi-terete, spongy petioles ; flowers large, dull yellow ; sepals 6, 8 outer yel- 

 low inside, 8 inner entirely yellow ; petals many ; stigma 12 15-rayed, with a 

 crenate margin. A rather handsome plant, growing in muddy ponds, and stag- 

 nant waters. The leaves are slimy beueath, and He flat on the surface, when 

 the water is deep, but are larger and erect where it is shallow. June July. 



OEDEE DL Sarraceniaceae. Pitcher-plantr 

 family. 



\. SAEEACENIA 



Sepals 5, with an involucre of 3 bracts at base. Petals 5, de- 

 ciduous. Stigma very large, peltate, 5-angled, persistent Cap- 

 sule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Per. 



1. S, purpftrea. Pitcher Plant, Side-saddle flower. 



Leaves radical, decumbent, with tubular, inflated, gibbous petioles, which 

 are winged on the inside, i. e. pitcher-form, ending in a broadly cordate, erect 

 lamina, which is hairy on the inside, and makes the mouth of the pitcher. This 

 process, though small compared with the tubular portion, is yet the real leaf of 

 the plant Scapes 12' 20' high, with a single, large, nodding, dark-purple 

 flower; petals inflected over the stigma. This plant, which is one of the most 

 remarkable of our native species, is not uncommon in wet meadows, where its 

 curious flowers, and still more curious leaves, attract the attention at once of 

 even the common observer. The pitchers are almost filled with water, contain- 

 ing drowned insects. June. 



OEDEE X. Papaveracese. Poppy -family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEEA. 



* Acaulescent. 



1. SANGTrrNABiA. Petals 8 12. Capsule oblong, pod-like. 



* * Caulescent. Petals 4. 



2. CHELID6NIUM. Flowers yellow. Capsule linear, Plant with a yellow 

 juice. 



3. PAP AVER. Capsule somewhat obovate, opening by pores beneath the flat 

 Btigma. 



4. EscH6LTziA. Calyx mitriform. Flowers yellow. Plants with a color- 

 less juice. 



1. 8ANGUINAEIA. 



Sepals 1 2, caducous. Petals 8 12. Stamens numerous, 

 Stigma 1 -2-lobed, sessile. Capsule oblong, pod-like, 1-celled 

 2-valved, many-seeded. Per. 



1. S. Canadensis. Bloodroot. 



Acaulescent ; rhizomas. creeping, fleshy, tuberous, of a red color, and from 

 ihese, as from all other parts of the plant, a red juice exudes, on their being 

 woken. Leaves reniform, 3 7-lobed, smooth, crenate, appearing with the 

 lowers, and becoming much larger in the course of the season, somewhat glau- 

 cous. Scapes 8' 6' high, 1-flowered ; flower about J' in diameter, white, ino- 

 dorous, and of brief duration. An elegant and interesting plant of spring, found 

 m moist woods, and along brook-sides. April May. 



2. CHELID6MIUM. 



Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Stigma sessile, bifid. 

 Capsule pod-like, linear, 2-valved. Per. 



1. C. majus. Celandine. 



Stem erect, branching, very smooth ; leaves pinnate, 5 T-foliate ; leaflets 

 ovate, obtusely lobed and incised, smooth, glaucous ; terminal leaflet wedge- 

 obovate, pale green ; flowers yellow, very fugacious in few-flowered, axillary, 

 pedunculate umbels; sepals orbicular; petals elliptical. A branching pals 

 green weed, common along fences and walls. Every part of the plant is full of 

 a yellow juice, which is sometimes used to destroy warts. May Aug. 



8. PAPAVEE. 



Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Style 

 none. Capsule more or less obovate, opening by pores under the 

 broad persistent stigmas. An. 



1. P. somniferum. Opium Poppy. 



Caulescent, plant very smooth and glaucous; leaves clasping, incised and 

 dentate ; flowers white, or purple, often double in cultivation ; sepals smooth ; 

 capsule globose, glaucous ; 12 feet high, with glaucous foliage and brilliant 

 flowers about 8' in diameter. Every part of the plant but especially the cap- 

 sule, yields a white juice, which, hardened in the sun, forms the drug known 

 as Opium. Cultivated, rarely naturalized. JuneJuly. 



2. P. rhaeas. 



Common Poppy. 



Stem branching, many-flowered, hairy ; leaves pinnatlfid, incised ; flowera 

 large, showy. 2' 3' in diameter, of a deep brilliant scarlet, sometimes red or 

 variegated ; capsules smooth, nearly globose. A fine species. Cultivated. 



4. ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 



Sepals 2, cohering by their edges into a mitriform calyx, 

 caducous. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, adhering to the claws 

 of the petals. Stigmas commonly 4, sessile, 2 of them generally 

 abortive. Capsule pod-shaped, cylindrical, 10-ribbed, many- 

 seeded. An. 



1. E. Dougldssii. 



Eschscholtzia. 



Stem erect, branching, leafy, smooth ; leaves twice and thrice pinnatifld, 

 smooth, glaucous ; flowers large, brilliant, 2' in diameter ; torus obconic ; calyx 

 ovoid, with short, abrupt acuminatlon ; petals bright yellow, with orange spots 

 at base. An elegant annual from California, but common in cultivation. Dis- 

 tinguished by its delicate foliage and showy flowers. 



OEDEE XL Fumariaceae. Fumitory-tribe. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEEA. 



* Acaulescent. 



1. DICENTBA. Petals 4, distinct, 2 outer spurred at base. 



* * Caulescent. 



2. AnitMiA. Petals 4, united into a spongy monopetalous corolla. Plant 



climbing by petioles. 



3. COKTDALIS. Petals 4, 1 only spurred at base. Capsule pod-shaped. 

 Plant not climbing. 



4. FUMARIA. Petals 4, 1 only spurred at base. Capsule a 1 -seeded, globose 

 nut Plant not climbing. 



1. DICENTEA 



Sepals 2, minute. Petals 4, 2 outer saccate, or spurred at 

 base. Stamens in 2 sets of 3 each. Capsule pod-shaped, 2- 

 valved, many-seeded. Per. 



1. D. cucullaria. 



Dutchman's Breeches. 



Acaulescent ; leaves radical, tri-ternately decompound, very finely dissected, 

 light green, glaucous beneath ; scapes 8' 10' high, smooth, with erect, simple, 



