140 OEDEE XVI. DROSERACE.E SUNDEW-FAMILY. ORDER XYIH. HYPERICACE^E ST. JOHN's-WORT-FAMILY. 



line. An English species cultivated in gardens, and well known by its exquisite 

 fragrance. A variety has white flowers. April May, 



7. V. blanda. 



White Violet. 



Leaves cordate, slightly pubescent, crenate, on short, slightly pubescent 

 petioles ; flowers small, white, on scapes longer than the leaves, slightly 

 fragrant; rhizoma creeping; petals marked with blue lines, greenish at base, 

 mostly beardless. Meadows ; common. May. 



8. V. lanceolata. 



Lance-leaved Violet. 



Leaves lanceolate, slightly crenate, erect, on rather long petioles, attenuate 

 at both ends ; scapes 4-sided, bracteolate, longer than the leaves ; flowers small, 

 white ; petals greenish at base, marked with blue lines, generally beardless. 

 Often growing with the last in wet meadows. Common. May. 



9. V. rotundifolia. Round-leaved Violet. 



Leaves large, orbicular-ovate, cordate at base, nearly smooth, crenate, with 

 a closed sinus and pubescent petioles ; flowers small, pale yellow ; stigma re- 

 curved at apex, margined; petals marked at base with brown lines; lateral 

 petals bearded ; sepals obtuse. A small species with small, yellow flowers, 

 sometimes found in old woods, and on densely wooded hill-sides. May. 

 * * Caulescent. 



10. V. Canadensis. 



Canadian Violet. 



Stem nearly purple ; radical leaves reniform ; cauline ones cordate ; all ser- 

 rate, nearly or quite smooth, with pubescent veins ; flowers of medium size, 

 pale blue or white ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; peduncles shorter than 

 the leaves; petals yellowish at base; upper ones purple outside, paler within, 

 and marked with purple lines; lateral ones bearded. A common violet in 

 mountainous districts, growing in woods, 6' 12' high. May June. 



11. V. pubescens. Large Yellow Violet. 



Stem erect, pubescent ; leaves broad, cordate, often almost triangular in out- 

 line, obtuse, toothed, covered with a soft, thick pubescence; stipules ovate, 

 subdentate ; flowers rather large, yellow ; lateral petals bearded ; upper ones 

 marked with brown lines ; peduncles pubescent, shorter than the leaves ; sepals 

 oblong-lanceolate; spur very short, subgibbous. A fine violet with yellow 

 flowers, growing in rich woods, 8' 6'. Common. It is very variable, espe- 

 cially in height and pubescence, being often nearly smooth. May June. 



12. V. Muhlenbergii. 



Spreading Violet. 



Stem weak, assurgent, branching at base ; leaves reniform or cordate, cre- 

 nate ; upper ones somewhat acuminate, petiolate, with incisely ciliate stipules ; 

 flowers pale blue, medium size, with conspicuous spurs ; peduncles axillary, 

 longer than the petioles, with 2 alternate bracts on the upper portion ; stigma 

 tubular, pubescent ; spur very obtuse. A pretty species, of slender habit, in 

 swamps and low grounds. May. 



13. V. tricolor. 



Pansy. 



Stem angular, diffuse ; leaves ovate, obtuse ; lower ones ovate-cordate, cre- 

 nate, petiolate ; stipules lyrate, very large, the terminal segment equalling the 

 leaves, crenate ; flowers large, on long axillary peduncles ; 2 upper petals of a 

 rich velvet-like purjjle ; the 2 lateral ones pale straw color, and with the yellow 

 lowest one marked with purple lines ; spur thick, obtuse, very short. A beau- 

 tiful and very variable species, cultivated in gardens. It begins to bloom early 

 in spring, and continues until winter. 



ORDER XVI. 



Droseracese /Sundew-family. 



1. DK6SERA. 



Sepals 6, united at base, equal, persistent. Petals 5. Sta- 

 mens 5. Styles 3 5, 2-parted. Capsule subglobose, ovoid, 3- 

 valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Per. 



1 1 D. rotundifolia. Sundew. 



Leaves radical, in tufts, orbicular, on long petioles, lying flat on the ground, 

 covered with long, reddish, curving, glandular hairs ; scapes circinate when 

 young, racemose, somewhat 1-sided; flowers small, white; the scape at first 

 coiled inward, but unwinding as it flowers, it becomes erect in seed. Marshes. 

 Aug. 



2. D. longifolia. 



Long-leaved Sundew. 



Leaves obovate or spatulate, on long, smooth petioles, covered with hairs, as 

 in the other species ; flowers small, white; in few-flowered, somewhat recurved 



racemes like those of the last, from which it is distinguished by the form of the 

 leaves, and its more slender habit A beautiful little plant, the glandular 

 hairs with which it is so thickly clotted, collect drops of water, giving it the 

 appearance of being sprinkled with pellucid dew-drops. June Aug. 



2. PARNASSIA. 



Sepals 5, persistent, united at base. Petals 5, persistent 

 nearly perigynous. Stamens perigynous, in 2 series ; outer inde 

 finite in number, arranged in 5 groups, sterile ; inner series con- 

 sisting of 5 perfect ones, alternating with the petals. Capsule 

 1-celled, 4-valved. Seeds numerous, with a winged testa. Per. 



1. P. Caroliniana, Grass of Parnassus. 



Acaulescent ; leaves on long, channelled petioles, orbicular-ovate, strongly 

 veined, entire, light green, somewhat coriaceous ; scapes 4-angled, generally 

 with a sessile leaf just below the middle ; flowers solitary, large, white, nearly 

 1' in diameter; sterile filaments in 5 clusters of 5 each, distinct almost to tho 

 base ; petals much larger than the calyx, oval, beautifully veined with a light 

 dull green. A common and very elegant plant. Wet meadows. July Aug. 



ORDER XVII. Cistacese. RockRose-family. 



1. HELIANTHEMUM. 



Sepals 5 ; the 2 outer ones much smaller. Petals 5, or rarely 

 3, sometimes wanting, fugacious. Stamens numerous. Stigmas 

 3, more or less united. Capsule triangular, 3-valved, 3, or 

 many-seeded. Per. 



1. H. Canadense. 



Bock Rose. 



Stem erect, mostly simple, pubescent; leaves oblong, entire, usually alter- 

 nate, acute, paler beneath ; flowers of 2 kinds, the earlier ones large, few, bright 

 yellow, fugacious, terminal ; petals large, thin, nearly orbicular, emarginate, 

 twice as long as the calyx ; later ones apetalous, or with very small petals, ax- 

 illary, sessile, nearly solitary, very small; capsules smooth, shining; those of 

 the apetalous flowers very small. A handsome plant in its first bloom, about 1 

 foot high, with large yellow flowers, which appear in June; but during the rest 

 of the summer it puts forth minute apetalous flowers, and then much resembles 

 Lechea major. 



2. LECHEA. 



Sepals 5 ; 2 outer much smaller. Petals 3, lanceolate, smalL 

 Stamens 3 12. Stigmas 3, nearly sessile, almost united. Cap 

 sule 3-valved, 3-celled. Placentae each 1 2-seeded. Per. 



1. L. major. 



Great Pin weed. 



Stem erect, pubescent, branching ; branches villons ; radical ones prostrate ; 

 leaves mostly alternate, oblong, mucronate, hairy ; flowers small, dull purple, 

 numerous, in irregular, leafy racemes, inconspicuous, followed by a small fruit, 

 rather larger than a pin-head. A rigid, erect plant, in dry fields, growing 10' 

 20' high, with a brittle purplish stem. The root sends out prostrate branches, 

 which last through the winter, and are thickly covered with nearly round tnfted 

 leaves. July Aug. 



2. L. thymifolia. 



Long-leaved Pinweed. 



Stem decumbent at base, very branching, pubescent, often of a dull purple ; 

 leaves very numerous, frequently verticillate ; cauline ones oblanceolate, or ob- 

 long-linear, those of the stem branches much smaller, linear ; those of the radi- 

 cal branches imbricated, elliptical ; flowers numerous, in axillary and terminal 

 clusters of 3 or 4, followed by minute, globose fruit Sandy fields near tho 

 coast July. 



3. L. minor. Small Pinweed. 



Stem erect, nearly smooth, very branching ; radical branches procumbent, 

 hairy, often none ; leaves linear ; those of the stem often nearly oblong, scat 

 tered, sometimes verticillate ; flowers dull purple, in nearly simple racemes, 

 separate, pedicellate ; capsule globose. A delicate species in dry grounds, 3' 6 

 high, with flowers and fruit twice as large as in L. major. June Sep. 



ORDER XVIII. Hypericacese St. Johris- 

 wortrfamily. 



1. HYPERICUM. 



Sepals 5, connected at base, nearly equal, foliaceous. Petals 

 5, oblique. Stamens numerous, sometimes few, united at base 



