OKDER XLIV. ROSACEJ3 ROSE-FAMILY. 



151 



18- CASSIA. 



Sepals 5, slightly united at base, nearly equal. Petals 5, un- 

 equal Stamens 10, distinct; the upper 3 commonly with sterile 

 anthers. Legume many-seeded. 



1. C. Marilandica. 



Wild Senna. 



Glabrous; stem erect, terete, striate; leaves 1218 foliate; leaflets oblong- 

 laticeolate, mucronate, with a clavate gland at base of the common petiole ; 

 stipules linear-subulate, caducous ; flowers bright-yellow, numerous, in axillary 

 racemes and terminal panicles; legumes linear, at length nearly smooth; 

 anthers blackish. A fine plant 4 6 ft high, growing in alluvial soils, not un- 

 common. July Aug. Per. 



2. C. Chamaechrista. 



Partridge Pea. 



Stem erect, or decumbent, smooth or hairy, branching ; leaflets in 8 12 

 pairs, narrow, oblong, obtuse, mucronate ; gland at base of the common petiole 

 subsessile ; stipules and bracts subulate, persistent ; flowers large, bright-yellow, 

 1' in diameter, in super -axillary, subsessile fascicles of 2 4; 2 upper petals with 

 a purple spot ; anthers 10, all fertile. A beautiful species 8' 12' high, in sandy 

 fields. Not very common. The leaves are quite sensitive. Aug. An. 



3. C. nictitans. Wild Sensitive Plant. 



Erect or decumbent, slightly pubescent; stem branching; leaflets 12 80, 

 oblong-linear, obtuse, mucronate ; gland at base of the petiole slightly pedicellate ; 

 stipules and bracts subulate, persistent ; flowers minute, pale yellow, in snpra- 

 axiltery fascicles of 28 ; stamens 5, subequal. In dry, sandy soils, growing 

 about 1 ft high. Foliage very sensitive, shutting at night, and when it rains, 

 or when disturbed by the hand. Aug. An. 



19. GLEDfTSCHIA. 



Polygamous. Sepals 3 5, equal, united at base. Petals 3 

 5, distinct, opposite the sepals, sometimes by abortion fewer, or 

 none. Stamens 3 5, or by abortion fewer, opposite the sepals. 

 Styles short. Stigma pubescent Legume compressed, often in- 

 terrupted between the seeds by sweet pulp. 



1. Gr. triacanthos. 



Honey Locust. 



Branches armed with stout, mostly branching, triple thorns ; leaves abruptly 

 pinnate, or bipinnate, often both in the same specimen ; leaflets alternate, oblong- 

 lanceolate, obtuse ; flowers small, white, spicate ; pods long, flat, curved, pendu- 

 lous. A handsome thorny tree. Native in Penn., and the South and West 

 Common in cultivation, and admired for its elegant foliage. June. 



ORDER XLIV. Rosaceae. Hose-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



SUB-OEDER I. Amygdaleae. 



Calyx free from the ovary. Style 1, deciduous. Fruit a drupe. Trees and 

 shrubs. 



1. CRASUS. Drupe smooth, destitute of a glaucous bloom. Stone or nu- 

 cleus nearly globose. Cherry. 



2. PB^ NITS. Drupe smooth, usually with a glaucous bloom. Stone com- 

 pressed. Plum. 



8. AuMENiACA. Drupe pubescent Stone compressed, smooth, with fur- 

 rowed margins. Apricot. 



4. PKRSICA. Drnpe pubescent, rarely smooth. Stone sub-compressed, 

 roughly furrowed. Peach. 



SUB-OBDEB II. Rosaceae. 



Calyx free ftom the ovaries, but sometimes inclosing them. Styles few to 

 many, rarely single. Fruit composed of follicles or achenia. Herbs or shrubs. 



* Fruit follicular. 



5. SPIR.EA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals roundish. Follicles 312. 



6. GILLSMA. Calyx somewhat tubular, 5-cleft Petals linear-lanceolate, 

 long, unequal. Follicles 5. 



* * Fruit consisting of achenia not inclosed in the 

 calyx- tube. 



12. RuBtrs. Petals 5, round, white or purplish. Achenia pulpy, drupa- 

 ceous, arranged on a conical, spongy receptacle. Leaves simple or 8 5 parted. 



10. FRAGARIA. Petals 5. obcordate, white. Acbenia dry, smooth, scattered 

 on the enlarged, pulpy, deciduous receptacle. Leaves trifoliate. 



9. PoTENTiLLA. Petals obcordate, yellow, or white. Achenia numerous, 

 forming a head on the dry, persistent receptacle. Leaves palmately or pinnately 

 compound. 



11. WAIDSTEINIA. Petals obtuse, yellow. Achenia few, dry, on a short re- 

 ceptacle. Leaves trifoliate. 



8. GKUM. Petals 5, obtuse or emarginate. Achenia cordate, with the long, 



persistent styles, aggregated on the conical, dry, receptacle. Leaves mostly in- 

 terruptedly pinnate. 



14. KEBKIA. Petals orbicular, obtuse, yellow. Leaves simple. 

 *** Ovaries included in the calyx-tube. 



7. AGKIMO.MA. Calyx-tube turbinate, dry, armed with booked bristles. 

 Herbs. 



13. ROSA. Calyx nrceolate ; tube fleshy in fruit Achenia bony Prickly 

 shrubs. 



SUB-OBDEB III. Pomeae. 



Calyx adhering to, and including the ovaries, fleshy, juicy, and more or lesa 

 globose in fruit, forming a 1 6-celled pome or berry. Shrubs or trees. 



15. CRAT^OCB. Petals 5, orbicular. Styles 25. Pome consisting of 

 15 1-seeded cnrpels. Thorny. 



16. PYBCS. Petals orbicular. Styles 5, rarely less. Pome fleshy, of 25 

 2-seeded carpels. 



17. AMELANCHIEK. Petals oblong-ovate, or oblanceolste. Styles 5. Pome 

 consisting of 8 5 1-seeded carpels. 



18. CYDONIA. Petals rounded. Styles 5. Pome consisting of 5 many- 

 seeded carpels. 



1. CERASUS. 



Calyx 5-cleft, regular, deciduous. Petals spreading. Stamens 

 25 30. Drupe globose, fleshy, destitute of bloom. Nucleus or 

 stone mostly globose, smooth. 



1. C. serotina. Wild Black Cherry. 



Leaves oval or oblong, acuminate, smooth, finely serrate, shining above , 

 petioles with 2 or more glands ; flowers white in spreading, elongated, cylindric 

 racemes, ; drupe black when ripe, somewhat bitter, but eatable in August and 

 September ; bark bitter, tonic. A tall, elegant tree, along fences and roadsides. 

 Common. May. 



2. C. Virginiana. 



Choke Cherry. 



Leaves obovate, varying to oval, abruptly acuminate, sharply serrate, gene- 

 rally hairy in the axils of the veins beneath ; petiole with 2 glands ; flowers 

 sessile, in short, erect, spreading racemes , petals orbicular ; drupes sub-globose, 

 dark red, ripe in July and August ; extremely bitter and astringent A shrub 

 or small tree, 520 feet high, in woods, and along fences. May. 



3. C. Pennsylvania. 



Wild Eed Cherry. 



Leaves oval, varying to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrate, smooth ; 

 flowers small, white, in sessile umbels, on long, slender pedicels ; drupe ovoid- 

 subglobose, red, very acid, ripe in July and August A small, symmetrical tree, 

 in woods and thickets. Common. May. 



4. C. sylve'stris. 



Cherry. 



Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, hairy beneath; flowers large, white, In 

 sessile umbels, on rather long pedicels ; drupe ovoid-globose, somewhat cordate 

 at base. A common fruit tree, of symmetrical growth, with erect or ascending 

 branches, universally cultivated, and esteemed for its delicious fruit Drupe 

 variable in size and color. May. 



5. C. vulgaris. 



Morello Cherry. 



Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, tapering at base, nearly smooth; 

 flowers large, white, in sub-sessile umbels, with short pedicels ; drupes globose. 

 A small tree with spreading branches, often cultivated for its fruit, which is 

 red, of various shades, and acid, or sub-acid. April. 



2. PRfjNUS. 



Calyx 6-cleft, regular, deciduous. Petals much spreading 

 Stamens 15 30. Ovary with 2 ovules. Drupe ovate, or oblong, 

 fleshy, smooth, usually covered with a glaucous bloom. Nucleus 

 or stone compressed, smooth, acute, with somewhat grooved mar- 

 gins. 



1. P. Americana. Wild Plum. 



Leaves oval, varying to ovate, or obovate, abruptly and conspicuously acu- 

 minate, sharply and often doubly serrate ; flowers white, in sessile umbels ; 

 drupe roundish-oval, red and orange, mostly without bloom, very smooth, sweet 

 and pleasant to the taste, with yellow pulp, and a thick tough skin, ripe in July 

 and August. A straggling shrub, 8 10 feet high, with somewhat thorny 

 branches. Not uncommon on the banks of rivers. May. 



2. P. maritima. Beach Plum. 



Leaves oval or obovate, sometimes ovate, generally slightly acuminate, finely 

 and sharply serrate ; petioles with 2 glands ; flowers white, in few-flowereO 

 umbels, with short, sub-pubescent pedicels ; drupes nearly round, eatable, red 

 or purple, covered with a glaucous bloom, ripe in August and September. 1 

 low shrub, 2 6 feet high, with thorny branches, on sandy shores, flowering in 

 May. 



