158 ORDER L1V. CRASSULACEJE STONE-CROP-FAMILY. ORDER LV. SAXIFRAGACE.E SAXIFRAGE-FAMILY. 



long peduncles; fertile ones on short peduncles, smaller; both usually from the 

 same axils ; fruit somewhat spiny, in crowded clusters, each containing 1 large 

 seed. A climbing vine, on the borders of rivers and streams; sometimes culti- 

 vated, and thence straying into waste grounds. July. 



2. CtrCUMIS. 



Flowers monoecious or perfect. Calyx tubular-campanulate. 

 Segments subulate. Corolla deeply 5-parted. STERILE FLOWERS 

 Stamens 5, triadelphous. FERTILE FLOWERS Style short. Stigmas 

 thick, 2-parted. Pepo fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds ovate, without 

 margins, compressed. An. 



1. C. sativus. Cucumber. 



Stem rough, prostrate and trailing; tendrils simple; leaves somewhat cor- 

 date, palmately 5-angled or lobed ; lobes nearly entire, acute ; the terminal one 

 longest; fruit oblong, obtusely-angled, on a short peduncle, prickly when 

 young ; flowers yellow, solitary, axillary. Universally cultivated for its green 

 fruit, which is either prepared and eaten fresh, or pickled. June Sep. 



2. C. MSlo. 



Musk Melon. 



Stem prostrate, trailing, rough; tendrils simple; leaves roundish, somewhat 

 cordate, palmately 5-angled or lobed ; lobes rounded, obtuse, slightly denticu- 

 late; flowers sterile, fertile and perfect, yellow ; fruit oval or subglobose. Cul- 

 tivated for the sweet and juicy flesh of its ripe fruit June July. 



3. C. Citrullua. 



Water Melon. 



Stem slender, prostrate, trailing, hairy ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, very glau- 

 cous beneath ; lobes mostly sinuate-pinnatifld, with obtuse segments ; flowers 

 yellow, solitary, bracted at base, on hairy peduncles ; fruit smooth, elliptical or 

 subglobose, marked with various shades of green, very juicy. Cultivated for 

 its large fruit, filled with sweet, refreshing juice. June Aug. 



8. CUCtTRBITA. 



Flowers monoecious. Corolla campanulate. Petals united and 

 cohering with the calyx. STERILE FLOWERS Calyx 5-toothed. 

 Stamens 5, triadelphous, with united, straight anthers. FERTILE 

 FLOWERS Calyx 5-toothed, upper part deciduous after flowering. 

 Stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed. Pepo fleshy or woody, 3 5-cclled. 

 Seeds obovate, compressed, smooth, with thickened margins. An. 



1. C. Pepo. 



Pumpkin. 



Plant rough anil hispid ; stem procumbent ; tendrils branched ; leaves very 

 large, cordate, palmately 5-lobed or angled, denticulate ; flowers large, axillary, 

 yellow; sterile ones on long peduncles; fruit very large, roundish, umbilicate, 

 smooth, furrowed, torulose and yellow, when ripe. Common in cultivation, 

 especially for cattle, and also for culinary purposes. July. 



2. C. Melop^po. 



Flat Squash. 



Hairy; stem procumbent; tendrils branched; leaves cordate, somewhat 

 palmately 5-lobed, denticulate ; flowers yellow ; fruit depressed, orbicular, with 

 tornlose or tumid margins, smooth or warty. A well-known kitchen vege- 

 table, cultivated for its fruit, which varies much in shape and in color, from 

 yellow to cream-color or white. 



3. C. verrucosa. Crook-neck Squash. 



Hairy; stem procumbent ; leaves cordate, deeply and palmately 5-lobed, 

 denticulate, the middle lobe narrowed at base ; flowers yellow, pedunculate, 

 large ; fruit clavate, often elongated and curved inward at base. A kitchen 

 vegetable, equally common with the last. July. 



4. C. ovifera. Egg Squash. 



Hairy; stem procumbent; leaves cordate, palmately 5-lobed, denticulate, 

 hairy ; calyx obovate ; fruit obovate, striped with longitudinal lines. A com- 

 mon kitchen vegetable. July. 



OKDER LIV. 



Crassulacege.- 

 family. 



-Stone-crop- 



1. SEDUM. 



Sepals 4 5, more or less united at base. Petals 4 5, dis- 

 tinct Stamens 8 10. Carpels 4 5, distinct, many seeded, 

 with an entire scale at the base of each. Per. 



1. S. ternatum. Stone-crop. 



Leaves smooth, entire, lower ones ternately verticillate, obovate, tapering at 

 base, uppermost ones scattered, lanceolate, sessile; cyme consisting of about 3 

 spikes; flowers several and octandrous, except the central one, which is decan- 

 drous, all white, sessile, as long as the leafy bracts. A low plant, with stems 

 creeping at base, assurgent above, 3' 8' long. Native in Canada- West, Penn., 

 and the Western States. Common in cultivation in N. Eng. July Aug. 



2. S. Telephium. Orpine, Live-forever. 



Eoot tuberous, fleshy, white; stem simple, erect, round, leafy; leaves flat- 

 tish, ovate, serrate, obtuse, scattered, sessile ; cymes corymbose, leafy. Flowers 

 white and purple. Common in gardens, and somewhat naturalized. Stems of a 

 purplish color, about 1 foot high, growing in tufts. Aug. 



3. S. acre. Wall-pepper. 



Stems procumbent, branching at base; leaves minute, somewhat ovate, 

 fleshy, obtuse, alternate, crowded, sessile and nearly erect ; cymes few-flowered 

 in 3 divisions, leafy ; flowers yellow. A little fleshy plant, rapidly spreading 

 wherever it is planted, and thickly covering the surface. June July. 



2. SEMPEEViVUM. 



Sepals 6 20, slightly united at base. Petals 6 20, acumi- 

 nate. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Ovaries with 

 lacerated scales at base. Carpels 6 20. Per. 



1. S. Tectorum. 



House-leek,. 



Herbaceous ; leaves thick and fleshy, fringed ; onsets spreading. A common 

 plant in gardens, which sends out runners with offsets, and thus propagates it- 

 self, flowering only occasionally. Like many plants of this order, it is so hardy 

 that it will grow any where, even on dry walls. 



3. PENTH6EUM. 



Sepals 5, united at base. Petals 5, or none. Stamens 10. 

 Capsules of 5 united carpels, 5-angled, 6-celled, and 5-beaked. 

 Per. 



1. P. sedpides. Virginia Stone-crop. 



Stem erect, somewhat branched, angular above ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, 

 acute at both ends, serrate, almost sessile ; flowers yellowish-green, inodorous, 

 in recurved, many-flowered racemes, arranged in a cyme; petals generally 

 none. A very common plant of no beauty, growing 8' 15' high, in moist 

 ground. Aug. Sep. 



OEDEE LV. Saxifragacese. Saxifrage- 

 family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEEA. 

 SUBORDER I. Saxifrkgeae. 



Petals imbricate in prefloration. Herbs with alternate, or opposite leaves. 



1. SAxiFRAGA. Petals entire. Stamens 10. Capsule 2-celled. Flowers in 

 cymes. 



3. TIAKELLA. Petals entire. Stamens 10. Capsule 1-celled. Flowers in 

 racemes. 



2. MITELLA. Petals pectinately divided. Stamens 10. Capsule 1-celled. 



4. CHBYSOSPLENIUM. Petals none. Stamens 8 10. Aquatic. 



SUBORDER II. Hydrangeas. 



Petals valvate in prefloration. Shrubs with opposite leaves. 



5. HYDRANGEA. Flowers in cymes; marginal ones usually larger and 

 sterile ; the others perfect. 



SJBORDER III. Philad&pheaa. 

 Petals convolute in prefloration. Shrubs with opposite leaves. 



6. PHILADELPHIA. Flowers in racemose, few-flowered clusters. Stamens 

 2040. 



1. SAXtFEAGA. 



Sepals 5, more or less united, often coherent with the base of 

 the ovary. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx-tube, entire. Stamens 

 10. Anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Capsule of 2, 

 more or less united carpels, 2-celled below, opening between the 

 2 divergent beaks. Seeds numerous. Per. 



1. S. Virginiensis. Early Saxifrage. 



Leaves mostly radical, ovate, or spat.ulate-obovate, crenately toothed, on 

 broad petioles ; ecape mostly naked, paniculately branched above. Flowi 

 small, white, numerous, cymose ; calyx adherent to the base of the ovary ; 



