ORDER LVI. HAMAMELACEJE WITCH-HAZEL-TRIBE. ORDER LVII. UMBELLIFERjE UMBELLATE-FAMILY. 159 



petals twice as long as the calyx. A very early flowering plant, common on 

 rocks and dry hills, with a pubescent scape 8' 10' high. April May. 



2. S. Pennsylvania. 



Tall Saxifrage. 



Leaves radical, oval or oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, tapering at base, with 

 short, margined petioles ; scape almost leafless, striate, viscid-pubescent, with 

 alternate branches and dense cymes, forming an oblong panicle; flowers 

 yellowish-green, pedicellate ; petals linear-lanceolate, scarcely longer than the 

 calyx. A common bat by no means beautiful plant in swamps and meadows, 

 with hollow scapes 1 3 ft. high, supporting a large panicle of small, greenish 

 flowers. May. 



2. MITELLA. 



Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, valvate in prefloration. Petals 5, 

 pinnatifid, inserted into the throat of the calyx. Stamens 5 10, 

 included. Styles 2, short, distinct Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved. 

 Per. 



1. M. diphylla. 



Common Mitella. 



Stem simple, pubescent; leaves cordate, serrately toothed, somewhat 

 lobed, pubescent ; radical ones on long, hairy petioles ; cauline ones, 2, op- 

 posite, nearly sessile ; flowers white, in long, terminal racemes on short pe- 

 dicels, beautifully marked by the pectinate petals; styles short. A very 

 elegant plant 6' 12' high. Most common in the more northern states. May 



2. M. m\da. 



Dwarf Mitella. 



Stem prostrate, or erect, slender, stoloniferous; leaves orbicular-cordate, or 

 somewhat reniform, doubly crenate, with a few scattered hairs above ; scape 

 filiform, few-flowered, naked or with a single leaf; flowers white ; petals finely 

 pinnatifid, with filiform segments. A very delicate and elegant species, grow- 

 ing in deep moist woods, with light green, handsome leaves, and very 

 delicately beautiful flowers. Not uncommon in N. New England and New 

 York. June. 



3. TIARELLA. 



Calyx 6-parted, with obtuse lobes, valvate in prefloration. 

 Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals into the 

 calyx. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved; valves very un- 

 equal. Per. 



1. T. cordifolia. Mitre-wort. 



Acanlescent ; leaves cordate, acutely 8 5-lobed, dentate, with mucronate 

 teeth, hirsute above, pubescent beneath, with scattered hairs ; stolons creep- 

 ing; flowers white, in racemes terminating the pubescent scapes, which are 

 4' 10' high, and sometimes bear a leaf; bracts minute ; petals oblong. A plant 

 much resembling Mitella diphylla, with which it commonly grows in rocky 

 woods. May June. 



4. CIIKYSOSPLENIUM. 



Calyx coherent with the ovary, 4 5-lobed, colored within. 

 Petals none. Stamens 8 10, with short filaments, and reniform 

 anthers. Styles 2. Capsule obcordate, compressed, 1-celled, 2- 

 valved. Seeds numerous. Per. 



1. C. Americanum. 



Water-carpet. 



Stem slender, square, decumbent, dichotomously branched above; leaves 

 opposite ; upper ones often alternate ; all roundish-ovate, somewhat crenate, at- 

 tenuate to a petiole at base, smooth ; flowers remote, sessile ; calyx usually 4- 

 cleft, greenish yellow, marked with purple lines; stamens 8, very short, with 

 orange-colored anthers. A little aquatic plant in shady springs and streams, 

 distinguished by its conspicuous anthers. March May 



5. HYDRANGEA. 



Flowers either all fertile, or more commonly the marginal ones 

 are sterile. STERILE FLOWERS. Calyx colored, membranaceous, 

 veiny, 4 5-cleft. Petals, stamens, and styles none. FERTILE 

 FLOWERS Calyx-tube hemispherical, coherent with the ovary, 

 with a 4 5-toothed, persistent limb. Petals ovate, sessile. 

 Stamens twice as many as the petals. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule 

 2-beaked, opening by a foramen between the beaks. Seeds 

 numerous. 



1. H. arborescens. Common Hydrangea. 



Leaves ovate, or cordate, mostly acuminate, serrately toothed, nearly smooth ; 

 flowers white, in fastigiate cymes, either all fertile, or especially in cultivation, 

 the marginal ones radiate, or all radiate. A native of Penn., cultivated at the 

 North. June. 



2. H. quercifolia. Oak-leaved Hydrangea. 



Leaves deeply and sinnately 3 6-lobed, dentate, tomentose beneath; 

 flowers in paniculate, radiant cymes; the sterile ones very large and numerous 

 with roundish sepals, dull white, changing to reddish. A very showy shrub, 

 with extremely large leaves, native of Florida, not uncommon in cultivatioa 



June. 



3. H. hortensis. Changeable Hydrangea. 



Leaves elliptical, narrowed at each end, serrated or toothed, strongly veined ; 

 smooth ; cymes radiant ; flowers mostly sterile. A species, 1 2 ft. high, 

 very common in house cultivation. The barren flowers are numerous and 

 changeable, passing through several gradations of color, from green to straw- 

 color, yellow, white, purple, and pink, and continuing very showy for some 

 months. 



. PHILADELPHUS. 



Calyx 4 5-parted, persistent, with the tube half adherent to 

 the ovary. Petals 4 5, convolute in prefloration. Stamens 20 

 40, shorter than the petals. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved, with 

 loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds many, with an aril 



1. P. grandiflorus. Large-flowered Syringa. 



Somewhat pubescent ; leaves ovate, acuminate, sharply denticulate and 

 veined ; flowers large, white, on slender pedicels, in clusters of 1 3, at the ends 

 of the branches, nearly scentless ; calyx-segments conspicuously acuminate, 

 much longer than the tube. An ornamental Southern shrub, often cultivated. 

 Stems 6 8 ft high, with long, slender branches. June. 



2. P. coronarius. False Syringa. 



Leaves ovate, somewhat dentate, smooth, petiolate; flowers numerous, 

 white, very fragrant, in leafy clusters at the ends of the branches. A beautiful 

 shrub, 6 7 ft high, with opposite, reddish branches, and handsome, fragrant 

 flowers, often cultivated. June. 



ORDER LVI. 



Haraamelaceae.- 



ti-ibe. 



Witch-Hazel 



\. HAMAMELI8. 



Calyx 4-parted, 2 3-bracted at base. Petals 4, very long, 

 linear, marcescent. Fertile stamens 4. Sterile ones 4, scale- 

 like, opposite the petals. Capsule 2-celled, with loculicidnl 

 dehiscence. 



1. H. Virginiana. Witch Hazel. 



Leaves obovate or oval, crenately toothed, obliquely subcordate at base, on 

 short petioles, nearly smooth ; flowers sessile, 8 t together, axillary ; petals 

 narrowly linear, curled or twisted, yellow ; calyx downy ; ovary hirsute. A 

 large shrub of irregular growth, sending off large branches at or near the 

 ground, in an oblique direction, and growing 1015 ft high. "Wliile all tbo 

 shrubs and trees, itself included, are putting off their summer garb of green, 

 this shrub begins to send forth abundantly, in the midst of sear and falling 

 leaves, its golden-yellow blossoms, cheering the desolate woods in favorable 

 locations, and seasons, often until into December. 



ORDER LVII. Umbelliferse. The, Umbel- 

 late-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 

 A. Flowers in simple umbels. 



1. HTDROC6TTLK. Flowers greenish. Fruit compressed, orbicular. Leaves 

 roundish. 



B. Flowers in compound umbels. 



* Petals greenish. 



2. SAJJICULA.. Flowers polygamous. Fruit subglobose, hispid with hooked 

 prickles. Leaves palmately parted. 



11. ABCHANGELICA. Fruit dorsally compressed, with 2-winged margins, not 

 prickly. 



* * Flowers white. 



8. DISCOPLEURA. Calyx-teeth subulate. Fruit compressed laterally, wing- 

 less, ovate. Leaves very finely dissected. 



4, CicfrrA. Calyx-teeth broad. Fruit roundish, compressed laterally, wing- 

 ess. Leaves bi- or tri-ternate. 



5. SifM. Calyx-teeth minute, or wanting. Fruit laterally compressed, 

 wingless. Leaves pinnate. 



