ORDER LVH. ARALIACEJ3 SPIKENARD-FAMILY. 



161 



involucre and Involucels none ; carpels turgid, oblong-ovate ; flowers yellow. 

 Common in gardens ; cultivated for its aromatic seeds. July. 



11. ARCHANGfiLICA. 



Calyx-teeth short. Petals equal, entire, acuminate, with the 

 point inflexed. Fruit dorsally compressed. Carpels with 3 cari- 

 nate dorsal ribs, with the 2 lateral ones dilated into wings. Vit- 

 tse very numerous. Per. 



1. A. atropurprtrea. 



Angelica. 



Stem mostly dark purple, furrowed ; leaves 8-parted, on large, inflated pe- 

 tioles ; divisions of the leaves bipinnately divided, with 57 segments ; the 8 

 terminal ones confluent, sub-acuminate, unequally serrate; flowers greenish, 

 In very large umbels, on nearly smooth peduncles; involucre almost none; in- 

 volncels inany-leaved ; fruit smooth. A tall, rank plant in meadows, with very 

 large greenish umbels, and aromatic seeds. Stem 4 6 feet high, hollow. 

 June. 



12. PASTINACA. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete, or minute. Petals roundish, entire, in- 

 volute, with an inflexed point. Fruit much compressed, with a 

 broad, flat margin. Carpels with 6, nearly obsolete ribs. In- 

 tervals with single vittffl ; commissure with 2 or none. Carpo- 

 phore 2-parted. Seeds flat. Involucre and involucels few- 

 teaved ; or none. Per. 



1. P. sativa. 



Parsnip. 



Roots fleshy ; stem smooth, sulcate ; leaves pinnately divided, slightly pu- 

 bescent, especially beneath; leaflets ovate, or oblong, unequally serrate; termi- 

 nal one often 3-lobed ; umbels large, on long peduncles ; flowers yellow ; fruit 

 oval ; commissure with 2 vittse, which are dark purple. Common in cultiva- 

 tion, and also naturalized in waste places. Stem 8 5 ft high. July Sep. 

 Biennial. 



13. HERACLfcUM. 



Calyx with 5, small, distinct teeth. Petals obcordate, with 

 an inflexed point, in the exterior flowers often radiate and ap- 

 parently deeply 2-cleft Fruit compressed, flat, with broad, flat 

 margins. Carpels with 3 obtuse, dorsal ribs. Intervals with 

 single, mostly clavate vitte. Seeds flat. Involucre caducous, 

 mostly few-leaved. Involucels many-leaved. Per. 



1. H. lanatum. 



Stem sulcate, branching, hollow, pubescent; leaves very large and broad, 

 especially the lower ones, on very largo petioles, ternately divided, tomentose 

 beneath; leaflets petiolate, roundish-cordate, unequally lobed; lobes acumi- 

 nate, nearly smooth above ; flowers white, in very large umbels; segments of 

 the involucre lanceolate, deciduous, those of the Involucels lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate ; fruit nearly orbicular. A tall, rank plant, 4 3 ft high, in meadows, dis- 

 tinguished by its large leaves, and its immense umbels (often a foot in diameter), 

 of which the marginal flowers are generally radiate and much larger than the 

 others. June. 



14. DAtrcua 



Calyx-margin 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate with an 

 inflected point, the 2 outer often the largest, and deeply 2-cleft. 

 Fruit ovoid, or oblong. Carpels with 5 primary ribs, 3 dorsal 

 and 2 on the flat commissure, and 4 secondary ribs, the latter 

 more prominent, winged, and each bearing a single row of 

 prickles, with single vitse beneath. Carpophore entirely free. 

 Bienn. 



1. D. Carota. 



Carrot. 



Stem hispid, branching ; leaves bi- or tri-pinnatifld ; segments pinnatifld ; 

 leaflets lanceolate or linear; leaflets of the involucre pinnatifld, nearly as long as 

 the umbel; leaflets of the Involucel entire, or 8-cleft; flowers white, sometimes 

 yellowish ; the central flower in each umbellet abortive, rose-colored. Root 

 conical. Common in cultivation. Naturalized along roadsides and in dry 

 fields. Common. July. 



15. OSMORHlZA. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals oblong, entire ; the cuspidate 

 point inflected. Styles conical at base. Fruit very long, linear, 

 clavate, attenuate at base. Carpels with 6 acute, bristly ribs. 

 Intervals without yittse. Commissure with a deep bristly channel. 

 Per, 



21 



1. 0. longtstylis. 



Sweet Cicely. 



Stem branching above, nearly smooth ; leaves biternately divided ; radical 

 and lower cauline ones on long petioles ; segments broadly ovate, somewhat 

 lobed, slightly pubescent on both sides ; flowers white ; umbels of about 5 

 rays; Involucre of 18 linear, ciliate leaflets, longer than the rays; involucels 

 of 5 lanceolate leaflets ; styles filiform, nearly as long as the ovary ; fruit cla- 

 vate, dark green or blackish, hispid, crowned with the slender, and at length 

 divergent styles. Boot fasciculate and rather fleshy, of a sweet anise-like 

 flavor. A common plant In woods, 1 3 ft. high, of a very agreeable, spicy 

 odor and taste, especially the root. May June. 



2. O. brevistylis. 



Hairy Cicely. 



Stem erect, branching, mostly pubescent; leaves biternately divided; 

 segments pinnatifld, hairy on both sides ; flowers white, smaller than In the 

 last ; styles conical, scarcely as long as the ovary is broad ; fruit somewhat 

 tapering, with the persistent styles at length converging. The root has a 

 sweetish, rather disagreeable taste, and is entirely destitute of the anise-like 

 flavor of the last. The plant is more hairy, and the segments of the leaves 

 more deeply cleft Stem 1 8 ft. high. Grows in woods, rather common. 

 May June. 



16. C6NIUM. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obcordate, with a short in- 

 flected point Fruit ovate, with compressed sides. Carpels with 

 5 prominent, equal, undulate-crenulate ribs ; the lateral ones 

 marginal. Intervals without vitte. Seeds with a deep narrow 

 groove in the face. Bienn. 



1. C. maculatum. Poison Hemlock. 



Stem smooth, branching, hollow, spotted; leaves decompound, bipinnately 

 divided ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifld, with acute lobes ; involucre of about 5 

 lanceolate leaflets ; involucel of 8 5 unilateral leaflets ; flowers small, white, in 

 terminal umbels; fruit smooth. A common poisonous weed, 3 8 ft high in 

 waste places. Introduced. The lower leaves are very large, on long petioles. 

 The whole plant is a powerful narcotic poison, and has a disagreeable odor, 

 especially when bruised. July Aug. 



17. CORIANDRUM. 



Calyx with 5 conspicuous teeth. Petals obcordate, inflexed at 

 the point ; outer ones much larger, bifid. Fruit globose. Car- 

 pels cohering together, with 5 depressed, primary ribs, and 4 

 secondary, more prominent ones. Seeds concave on the face. An. 



1. C. sativum. Coriander. 



Glabrous; leaves bipinnately divided; lower ones with broad, cuneate 

 segments; upper ones with linear segments; involucre none; involucel 8- 

 leaved, unilateral; ilowers white; carpels hemispherical. A well known 

 garden plant, 23 ft high, with strong-scented leaves. Cultivated for its 

 aromatic fruit July. 



ORDER LVIII. Araliacese. Spikena.rd- 

 family. 



1. ARALIA. 



Calyx-limb 6-toothed or entire, short. Petals 5, spreading, 

 Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Styles 5, at length di- 

 verging. Fruit baccate, 6-lobed, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Per. 



1. A. racemosa. Pettymorrel. 



Stem smooth, herbaceous, branching; leaves decompound, 8 5-parted; 

 each division with 35 ovate, cordate, serrate, acuminate leaflets ; umbels 

 small, numerous, arranged in branching, compound racemes, forming panicles 

 on axillary peduncles; flowers small, greenish-white; fruit small, dark-purple. 

 A well known plant in rich, rocky woodlands, 36 feet high, with a thick, 

 pleasantly aromatic root The leaves are very large, light-green. July. 



2. A. nudicai\lis. Sarsaparilla. 



Nearly acaulescent ; leaf radical, solitary, on a long, 8-cleft petiole ; each 

 division pinnately 8 5 foliate ; leaflets oval or obovate, sharply serrate, acumi- 

 nate; scape naked, shorter than the leaf, bearing 8 simple, pedunculate umbels; 

 flowers small, greenish ; root long, creeping, aromatic. A common well kniwn 

 plant in rjch woods, wjth a scape about 1 foot high. May June. 



