ORDER LXI. RUBIACE.E MADDER-FAMILY. 



163 



ovaries; corolla yellow at base, with short and nearly equal lobes, yellowish- 

 white, spurred outwards; stylo exsert; berries ovoid, red, In pairs, distinct. 

 An erect, elegant shrub, with delicate foliage and flowers. Not uncommon In 

 woods ; 2 I feet high. May June. 



2. DIERVfLLA. 



Calyx-tube oblong, tapering at top ; limb with 5 subulate, 

 persistent teeth. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft and nearly regu- 

 lar Stamens 5, Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. 



1. D. trifida. 



Bush Honeysuckle. 



Leaves ovate, serrate, acuminate, smooth, on short petioles; peduncles ax- 

 illary and terminal, 1 8-flowered ; flowers greenish-yellow ; ovaries slender, 

 half as long as the corolla. A low, branching shrub, in woods and on hill-sides, 

 with yellowish flowers, about f long. June. 



8. TRltfSTEUM. 



Calyx-limb with 5 linear, foliaceous, persistent teeth, equalling 

 the corolla. Corolla tubular, gibbous at base ; limb with 5 sub- 

 equal lobes. Stamens included. Stigma capitate. Fruit dry, 

 drupaceous, crowned with the calyx, 3-celled, 3-seeded. Seeds 

 3-angled, bony. Per. 



1. T. perfoliatum. Fever wort, 



Herbaceous ; stem hollow, pubescent, simple ; leaves ovate, acuminate, en- 

 tire, tapering at base, connate, pubescent; flowers sessile, In verticils of 58; 

 corolla viscid-pubescent, dull purple, with a curved tube ; fruit somewhat 8- 

 sided, orange-color when ripe. A coarse, hairy plant, 2 8 feet high, with in- 

 elegant flowers, growing in rich soil in woods and Holds. June. 



4. SYMPHORICABPUS. 



Calyx-tube globose ; limb with 4 5 persistent teeth. Corolla 

 bell-shaped, quite regularly 4 5-lobed. Stamens 4 5, inserted 

 on the corolla. Berry globose, 4-celled, 2-seeded ; 2 cells abor- 

 tive. 



1. S. racemosus. Snow-berry. 



Leaves oval, often undulate at the margin, mostly smooth, paler beneath, on 

 short petioles ; flowers in terminal, loose, interrupted and somewhat leafy ra- 

 cemes; corolla densely bearded within, rose-color; stamens and style included; 

 berries large, roundish. An ornamental shrub, especially when covered with 

 Its brilliantly white berries. Native in "W. Vermont and Canada. Common 



in cultivation. June Sep. 



5. LINN^EA. 



Calyx-limb deciduous, with 5 subulate teeth. Corolla cam- 

 panulate ; limb with 5 nearly equal lobes. Stamens 4, 2 longer 

 than the other 2. Berry 3-celled, dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded, 

 with 2 abortive cells. 



1. L. borealia Twin-flower. 



Evergreen ; stems filiform, creeping, branching and rooting through their 

 whole length ; leaves small, roundish, crenate, with short petioles and a few 

 scattered hairs ; peduncles erect, filiform, slightly pubescent, furnished with 

 leaves at base, and with 2 linear, minute bracts, dividing into 2 short pedicels, 

 which support each a nodding, fragrant flower. Corolla rose-color, of a 

 deeper hue inside. This very delicate and interesting little plant is found in 

 moist woods, especially among evergreens, and is met with throughout most of 

 N. Eng. and N. York ; but is most abundant In the Northern portions. June. 



6. SAMBtJCUS. 



Calyx with 5, minute, or obsolete teeth. Corolla with 5 

 spreading segments. Stamens 6. Stigmas 3. Berry globose, 

 pulpy, 3-seeded. 



1. S. Canadensis. Elder. 



Stem shrubby; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 6 11, oblong or oval, serrate, acu- 

 minate, smooth, the lower ones sometimes 8-parted; cyme flat, 5-parted; 

 flowers white, very numerous, with a rather oppressive odor ; berry dark pur- 

 ple, juicy. A common shrub, 6 10 feet high, in waste grounds and along 

 fences and thickets. Its large branches and stems are filled with pith, espe- 

 cially when yonng. May July. 



2. S. pubens. Red-berried Elder. 



Stem shrubby, with a waited bark ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5 7, oval-lan- 

 ceolate, acuminate, and with the petiole pubescent beneath ; cymes densely 



panicled, or pyramidal ; flowers white ; fruit scarlet, small. Common in tho 

 interior of New England and New York, but not near the sea coast. May 

 June. 



7. VIBtTRNUM. 



Calyx persistent, 5-toothed. Corolla with 5 obtuse, spreading 

 segments. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a 1-celled, 1-seeded 

 drupe. 



1. V. lantanoides. Hobble-bush. 



Leaves roundish, cordate at base, abruptly acuminate, closely serrate, with 

 prominent veins; the veins and veinlets beneath, together with the petioles 

 and branchlets, covered with ferruginous down ; cymes sessile, broad and flat, 

 flowers white, showy; fruit ovate, large, crimson, turning dark. A shrub of 

 irregular, straggling growth ; very handsome in flower, not uncommon in 

 rocky woods of New England and New York. Its beauty consists in the large 

 sterile flowers on the margins of tho cymes. The fertile flowers are incon- 

 spicuous. May. 



2. V. 6pulus. High Cranberry. 



Leaves chiefly 8-lobed, rounded, rarely tapering at base ; lobes acuminate, 

 dentate, with 2 glands on the petiole at the base of the leaf; cymes peduncu- 

 late ; fruit ovoid, red, acid. A handsome shrub of erect growth and showy 

 cymes, bordered as in the last, with large pure-white, sterile flowers. Most 

 common in the northern parts of New York and New England. 



Var. roseum. Snow-ball. 



Leaves broader, rather acute at base ; flowers all sterile, in globose cymes of 

 snowy white. This is the Guilder Rose, a European variety, much cultivated 

 In gardens. 



3. V. acerifolium. Maple-leaved Viburnum. 



Leaves 3-veined, 8-lobed, somewhat cordate at base, sharply serrate, with 

 acuminate lobes, pubescent beneath ; petioles and young branches pubescent ; 

 cymes on long peduncles, flat ; stamens exsert; fruit oval, compressed ; flowers 

 dull white. A shrub 4 6 ft. high, with foliage resembling maple leaves. 

 Common in woods. June. 



4. V. Lentago. Sweet Viburnum. 



Leaves ovate, acuminate, finely and sharply serrate ; petioles long, nridn- 

 lately margined; flowers white, in broad cymes; berries oval, finally black 

 and edible, with a sweetish taste. A handsome shrub or small tree, 10 15 ft. 

 high in woods and thickets. Common. May June, 



5. V. m\dum. White-rod. 



Smooth ; leaves oval, or oblong, sometimes nearly lanceolate, dotted be- 

 neath, as well as the petioles and cymes, with brownish spots, revolute on the 

 margin, coriaceous, nearly entire, or somewhat crenate ; cymes smooth, on 

 short peduncles ; flowers white, numerous ; fruit dark blue, with a glaucous 

 bloom. A common shrub in swamps 6 12 feet high. 



There are two varieties; one with nearly entire leaves; the other with 

 finely serrate or toothed leaves, of a darker color. 



6. V. dentatum. Arrow-wood. 



Smooth; leaves roundish-ovate, sharply and coarsely serrate, acuminate, on 

 long, slender petioles, with very prominent veins, shining above ; flowers small, 

 white, in smooth pedunculate cymes ; fruit small, roundish, dark blue. A com- 

 mon shrub, 610 ft high on river banks and In damp woods, *ith long, slen- 

 der shoots, and light green leaves, with parallel veins. June July. 



ORDER LXI. Rubiaceae. Madder-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



SUBOBDER I. Stellktae. 



Leaves verticillate, Corolla rotate. 



1. GALIUM. Corolla 8 4 parted. Fruit In pairs. Herbs. 



SUBORDER II. CinchdnesB. 

 Leaves opposite, Corolla with a manifest tube. 



2. MITCHKLLA. Flowers in pairs. Ovaries united, forming a single berry. 



8. ' HEDYOTIS. Flowers not in pairs. Corolla with 4 spreading segments. 



4. CEPHALANTHtre. Flowers in globular heads. Corolla tubulw, with 4 

 narly erect segments. Shrubs. 



