166 



OKDER LXIV. COMPOSITE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



10, in 2 rows, oblong-lanceolate, at length shorter tban the flowers. A rough, 

 hairy plant, 23 feet high, with a somewhat paniculate corymb. Low grounds 

 near the coast. Aug. 



3. E. sessilifolium. Sessile-leaved Eupatorium. 



Stem slender, branching above, smooth ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, or lanceolate, rounded at base, tapering to the extremity, smooth, ser- 

 rate ; heads white, in compound, pubescent corymbs, about 5-flowered ; scales 

 of the involucre oval, or oblong, obtuse. A slender species, 2 4 feet high, not 

 uncommon in rocky woods. Aug. Sep. 



4. E. pubescens. 



Hairy Eupatorium. 



Pubescent; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, acute, serrately toothed, rough, 

 veiny, pubescent; heads white, in a fastigiate corymb, 7 8-flowered ; scales of 

 the involucre lanceolate, acute, pubescent A rough species, 3 4 feet high, not 

 uncommon near the coast. Aug. 



5. E. perfoliatum. 



Boneset. 



Stem erect, stout, rough, hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, connate-per- 

 foliate, very pubescent, serrate ; heads white, about 12-flowered, in a flat-topped, 

 pubescent corymb ; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate. A very rough, 

 hairy species, universally known and marked by the opposite leaves united at 

 base, so perfectly as to seem but one. Very common in low grounds. Aug. 

 Sep. 



6. E. ageratoides. Nettle-leaved Eupatorium. 



Stem smooth, branching ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, sub-cordate at 

 base, coarsely toothed, on long petioles, mostly smooth ; neads white, with 12 

 or more flowers, in compound corymbs ; involucre scales in 1 row. A large- 

 leaved species, nearly smooth, with white scentless flowers in clusteis, arranged 

 in a corymb. Stem 1 1 feet high. Eocky woods. Aug. Sep. 



7. E. aromaticum. Aromatic Eupatorium. 



Smooth or somewhat pubescent; stem nearly simple; leaves ovate, sub- 

 cordate at base, on short petioles, opposite, acute, obtusely serrate ; involucre 

 simple, pubescent; heads large, 10 16-flowered, white, aromatic, in small 

 corymbs. An elegant species, resembling the last, but distinguished by its 

 short petioles, blunt teeth, and aromatic flowers. Low woods. Aug. Sep. 



8. MIKANIA. 



Involucre about 4-leaved. Heads with about 4 flowers. Re- 

 ceptacle naked. Pappus simple, capillary, roughish. Achenia 

 5-angled. Per. 



1. M. scandens. Climbing Mikania. 



Smooth ; stem climbing ; leaves opposite, cordate, petiolate, repandly den- 

 tate, acuminate ; heads in numerous, axillary, pedunculate corymbs ; flowers 

 pale pink or flesh color. A rather elegant, climbing plant, in wet thickets, with 

 flowers much resembling those of Eupatorium. Not very common. Aug. 



Sep. 



4. LllTKIS. 



Heads few to many-flowered. Involucres imbricate, with ap- 

 pressed scales. Pappus abundant, more or less plumose. Ache- 

 nia tapering at base, 10-ribbed. Styles much exserted. Per. 



I. L. Scariosa. Blazing Star. 



Stem erect, simple, rough, pubescent ; lower leaves lanceolate, on long peti- 

 oles; upper ones linear, and smaller ; beads large, purple, 20 40-flowered, in a 

 long, terminal raceme, pedicellate, rather remote ; involucre somewhat hemis- 

 pherical ; scales obovate, very obtuse, with scarious and often purplish tips. 

 A very beautiful plant, 2 4 feet high, in dry sandy soils, but not very common. 

 Distinguished by its long racemes of large purple heads and its numerous, scat- 

 tered, narrow leaves. Aug. Sep. 



5. TUSSILlGO. 



Heads many-flowered. Ray-flowers narrow, in many rows, 

 pistillate. Disk-flowers few, staminate. Involucre mostly simple. 

 Receptacle naked, flat. Pappus capillary. Per. 



1. T. Farfara. Coltsfoot. 



Acaulescent ; rblzoma creeping ; leaves large, cordate, angular, toothed, dark 

 green above, and with the petioles, downy beneath ; scapes simple, 1-flowered, 

 scaly, preceding the leaves ; flowers yellow, with numerous, very narrow rays. 

 A low plant found in clayey soils, and producing its flowers in early spring be- 

 fore the leaves. April. 



. ASTER. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scales generally imbricated, 

 often with herbaceous tips. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, in a 

 single row. Disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Receptacle flat, al- 

 veolate. Pappus simple, capillary. Achenia usually compressed. 

 Per. 



1. A. corymbosus. 



Corymbed Aster. 



Stem slender, flexuous, smooth, with pubescent branches ; leaves ovate, 

 sharply and irregularly serrate, strongly acuminate, nearly smooth ; lower and 

 radical ones cordate, petiolate ; uppermost ovate-lanceolate, sessile ; petiole* 

 naked; involucre of closely appressed, obtuse scales; rays 6 9 narrow. A 

 common species, with flat corymbs of white flowers, of a much slenderer and 

 smoother habit than the next Dry woods and thickets. Aug. 



2. A. macrophyllus. Large-leaved Aster. 



Stem stout, branched, not flexuous; leaves rough, finely serrate, somewhat 

 acuminate ; lower ones large, cordate, on long petioles ; upper ones ovate or ob- 

 long, sessile, or on winged petioles ; heads in large, flat corymbs ; rays 12 15, 

 white or bluish ; involucre with oblong, acute scales. A much larger and 

 stouter plant than the last Stem 1 2 feet high. Common in woods and thick- 

 ets. Aug. Sep. 



3. A. cordifolius. Heart-leaved Aster. 



Stem erect, mostly smooth, with many divaricate branches above ; leaves 

 cordate, sharply serrate, hairy beneath, acuminate, on slender, somewhat mar- 

 gined and hairy petioles; heads racemed on the branches; rays 10 15, pale 

 blue ; involucre-scales appressed, with short green tips. A common species, 2 

 feet high, in rocky woods, bearing a long compound panicle of numerous, pale 

 blue flowers. 



4. A. undulatus. 



Variable Aster. 



Pubescent and somewhat hairy ; stem erect, panicled above ; lower leaves 

 cordate, somewhat serrate, on winged petioles ; upper ones ovate or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, undulate, or slightly serrate, on short, broadly margined petioles, which are 

 dilated and clasping at base, or sessile, cordate and clasping at base ; all somewhat 

 rough above, pubescent beneath ; heads solitary, in somewhat unilateral ra- 

 cemes, arranged in a terminal panicle ; rays pale blue. A rough species, distin- 

 guished by its variable leaves on the same plant Common in dry woods and 

 thickets. Aug. Sep. 



5. A. patens. 



Spreading Aster. 



Pubescent and somewhat rough ; stem branching, paniculate above ; leaves 

 oblong-ovate, or oblong, sessile, cordate and clasping the stem at base, rough 

 above and on the margin, entire ; heads large, with very showy violet-purple 

 rays, solitary, on leafy branchlets, forming a loose, terminal panicle ; involucre- 

 scales lanceolate, with spreading, green tips ; achenia silky. A very common 

 and elegant species, 23 feet high, in dry fields and thickets. Distinguished by 

 its conspicuously clasping leaves, which, at a little distance appear perfoliate. 

 In moist grounds the leaves often taper somewhat toward the base. Aug. 



Oct. 



6. A. laevis. 



Smooth Aster. 



Very smooth and often glaucous ; stem angular; leaves lanceolate, or ovate- 

 lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, mostly entire ; the upper ones somewhat cordate, 

 or auriculate at base ; the lower and radical ones tapering to a winged petiole ; 

 involucre-scales with broad-linear, appressed, green tips ; heads large, solitary, 

 at the ends of the branchlets, with bright blue, showy rays, forming a terminal 

 panicle. A very beautiful species, 23 feet high, in low grounds. Distinguish- 

 ed by its entire smoothness and generally glaucous appearance. Common. 

 Sep. Nov. 



7. A. puniceus. Hough Aster. 



Stem erect, very branching, pubescent, rough, paniculate above ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, auriculate and clasping at base, slightly serrate, pubescent, rough above, 

 nearly smooth beneath, acuminate; heads large, with very numerous and nar- 

 row, pale-purple rays, showy, forming a very large and leafy panicle ; involu- 

 cre-scales narrow-linear, long and revolnte in 2 rows. A showy species, with a 

 rough stem generally red on one side, and scabrous. Leaves serrate in the mid- 

 dle. Swamps and low grounds. Very common. Sep. Oct. 



8. A. Novae Angliae. New England Aster. 



Stem stout, hispid, paniculate above ; leaves lanceolate, entire, acute, auri- 

 culate and clasping at base, somewhat pubescent, thickly clothing the stem; 



