ORDER LXIV. COMPOSITE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



169 



Tery large, solitary, terminating the branches ; rays linear, light yellow, 2 3- 

 toothed at apex; involucre-scales ovate, foliaceous, A stout, herbaceous plant 

 4 6 ft high, with very large flowers and radical leaves, the latter often 1 ft 

 long. Common by road-sides. Introduced. July Aug. 



15. PLtJCHEA. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, those of the mar- 

 gin pistillate and fertile, with a filiform truncate corolla ; those 

 of the centre perfect, few, with a 5-cleft corolla. Involucre im- 

 bricated. Receptacle flat, naked. Style undivided. Achenia 

 sulcate. Pappus simple, capillary. Per. 



1. P. camphorata. Marsh Fleabane. 



Somewhat viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, thick, 

 serrate, acute, on very short petioles ; heads rather large, light purple, arranged 

 in crowded, flat, terminal corymbs. A coarse and fleshy plant of the salt 

 marshes, about 1 ft high, exhaling a strong and somewhat disagreeable cam- 



phoric odor. Aug. 



16. HELIOPSIS. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays 10 or more, pistillate, fertile. 

 Disk-flowers perfect Involucre-scales in 3 rows. Receptacle 

 chaffy, conical. Achenia 4-sided. Pappus none.. Per. 



1. H. laevis. 



Ox-eye. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, opposite, 

 petiolate, 8-nerved, serrate ; lower ons more or less truncate at base ; heads large, 

 showy, with yellow rays, solitary, pedunculate, terminating the stem and 

 branches ; rays linear, broader at base, obtuse at apex. A large, elegant plant 

 with showy flowers, 25 ft. high, in thickets and along fences. Common in N. 

 York, and some portions of N. England. Var. sc&bra has the foliage some- 



what' rough. June Aug. 



IT. RUDBECKIA. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral. Disk perfect. Invo- 

 lucre-scales foliaceous, in 2 rows. Receptacle conical, with short 

 chaff. Achenia 4-sided. Pappus none, or a minute, 4-toothed 

 margin. Per. 



1. R. laciniata. Gone-flower. 



Stem smooth, round, branching; leaves often somewhat rough ; lowest ones 

 pinnate, with incised or 8-lobed leaflets ; upper ones toothed and cut petiolate, 

 8 5-lobed, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and sometimes entire lobes; 

 heads large, with linear, yellow, drooping rays, terminal. A tall plant rather 

 common in thickets and swamps, somewhat resembling a sun-flower. The 

 highest leaves are simple and ovate. July Sep. 



18. ZINNIA. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays 5, persistent, entire, pistillate. 

 Disk-flowers perfect. Involucre-scales margined, imbricate. Re- 

 ceptacle chaffy, conical Pappus of the disk-flowers consisting of 

 2 erect awns. An. 



1. Z. elegans. Zinnia. 



Stem hairy, branching ; leaves ovate, cordate, sessile and clasping, opposite, 

 entire ; heads large, on long peduncles ; chaff serrated. A common annual in 

 cultivation, with violet purple, scarlet and white flowers. 



2. Z. multiflora. 



Small Zinnia. 



Stem hairy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles, opposite, entire; 

 heads smaller than in the last, commonly purplish, on long peduncles. A com- 

 mon garden annual. 



19. HELIANTHUS. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral. Disk-flowers perfect. 

 Involucre-scales imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat, or 

 convex. Chaff persistent with the 4-sided, laterally compressed 

 :i.'li< 'iiia. Pappus of 2 deciduous, chaffy awns. Per. except No. 1. 



1. H. annuus. Sun-flower. 



Leaves cordate, petiolate, 8-veined, the lowest opposite the others, alternate ; 

 beads very large, on nodding or thickened peduncles ; rays numerous, broad, 

 bright yellow. A well-known cultivated annual species, with very large, cor- 

 date leaves and immense heads, sometimes 1 ft in diameter. It grows 8 10 

 ft high, and even higher, according to the soil July Sep. 



2. H. strumosus. Wild Sun-flower. 



Stem erect mostly simple, tall, smooth below ; leaves opposite, ovate-lan- 

 ieolate, serrate, acuminate, abrupt at base, rough above, smooth, or somewhat 



22 



pubescent and downy beneath, with short, winged petioles, heads rather large, 

 few; rays about 10; involucre-scales ciliate, broadly lanceolate, equalling the 

 lanceolate rays, with spreading tips. A common species with showy flowers' 

 8 6 ft high. Elver banks and low thickets. Aug. Sep. 



3. H. decapetalus. Ten-rayed Sun-flower. 



Stem tall, branching, rough above, smooth below ; leaves opposite, ovate, 

 acuminate, coarsely serrate, 8-veined, mostly somewhat rough above, of the 

 same color on both sides, abrupt at base, with winged petioles ; heads rather 

 large, with about 10 pale yellow rays ; involucre-scales linear-lanceolate, ciliate, 

 spreading, outer ones longer than the disk. A less showy species than the last 

 Common along river banks, and in low thickets. Plants 2 5 ft high, often with 

 tho outer involucre-scales more or less foliaceous. Aug. Sep. 



4. H. divaricatus. Slender Sun-flower. 



Stem smooth, simple, or sparingly branched ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, 3-velned, sessile, rounded or truncate at base, acuminate, serrate, rough 

 above ; heads small, few, somewhat corymbose ; involucre-scales lanceolate, acu- 

 minate, equalling the disk. A showy species 2 5 ft high. Common in 

 thickets and dry grounds. Aug. Sep. 



5. H. tuberosus. Jerusalem Artichoke. 



Stem rough, branching stout ; leaves petiolate, 3-veined, acuminate, rough, 

 serrate, ovate, alternate, lower ones opposite, cordate-ovate; petioles ciliate at 

 base; rays 12 20 ; involucre-scales linear-lanceolate. A tall species with tuber- 

 ous roots, naturalized around gardens and along fences. Sep. 



20. TAGETES. 



Heads heterogamous ; involucre tubular, of 5 united scales in 

 1 row. Ray-flowers 5, persistent. Receptacle naked. Pappus 

 of 5 erect bristles. An. 



1. T. patula. 



French Marigold. 



Stem erect with spreading branches; leaves pinnately divided; segments 

 linear-lanceolate ; heads orange-yellow, solitary, on long, cylindrical peduncles ; 

 involucre smooth. A garden annual, about 2 feet high. 



2. T. erecta. African Marigold. 



Stem erect ; leaves pinnately divided, segments lanceolate, ciliate, serrate : 

 heads twice larger than T. patula, solitary on the thickened and ventricose 

 peduncles. Garden annual. 



21. HEL^NIUM. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays pistillate. Involucre in 2 rows. 

 Pappus of several 5-awned chaffy scales. Receptacle globose, 

 naked. Rays 3-eleft at summit. Per. 



1. H. autumnale. Sneeze-weed. 



Nearly smooth : stem erect branching, with winged angles ; leaves alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, serrate, decnrrent; heads numerous, terminal on the stem and 

 branches, loosely corymbose, showy ; rays drooping, longer than the globular 

 disk, obtusely 3-toothed at apex. A showy plant 23 ft high, very bitter to 

 the taste. Common in low grounds, along rivers in New York ; rare in New 

 England. Sep. 



22. ANTHEMIS. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays pistillate. Involucre hemis- 

 pherical, with the scales imbricate and nearly equal. Receptacle 

 ihaffy, conical Pappus none, or forming a minute crown on the 

 obovoid achenium. 



1. A. nobilis. 



Chamomile. 



Stem prostrate, branching at base, woolly ; leaves pinnatifldly decompound ; 

 segments linear-subulate; heads white, fragrant; chaff scarious, lanceolate, 

 .tlier shorter than the flowers. A common plant in gardens, cultivated for its 

 fragrance and medicinal properties. July Sep. 



23. MAKtTTA. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral. Involucre imbricated, 

 icmispherical. Receptacle chaffy, conical. Pappus none. Achenia 

 obovoid, smooth. An. 



1. M. cotula. 



May-weed. 



Stem erect furrowed, very branching, nearly smooth ; leaves alternate, bi- 

 .linnatifid; segments linear-subulate; heads solitary, on long, furrowed 

 jedunotes ; rays white, deflexed ; disk yellow ; involucre-scales scarious on tha 

 margin ; chaff bristly, shorter than the flowers, found only on the summit of the 



