ORDER LXVni. AQUIFOLIACE^E HOLLY-FAMILY. 



Anthers opening by 2 terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved 

 opening at summit. 



1. R. nudiflorum. Swamp Pink. 



Branchlets slightly hairy ; leaves obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong, downy 

 beneath; flowers large, varying from pale pink to purple; calyx-teeth minute; 

 corolla slightly viscid ; tube scarcely longer than the spreading lobes ; stamen: 

 and style much e.Nsert. A beautiful shrub 4 8 ft high, of a very irregular 

 and crooked growth, common in woods and low grounds. May. 



2. R. viscosum. 



White Swamp Pink. 



Branchlets hispid; leaves obovate, or oblong, mostly smooth, hairy on the 

 midvein, margin and petiole; flowers white, sometimes tinged with rose-color, 

 in large, terminal clusters, fragrant ; calyx-teeth minute ; corolla clammy, with 

 viscid haire; tube twice as long as the lobes; stamens slightly exsert; style 

 much exsert. A handsome shrub, distinguished from the last by its viscid 

 flowers, which usually do not appear till the leaves are fully grown. Stem 4 

 8 ft. high. Swamps and low grounds. June July. 



9. KALMIA. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate-campanulate, 5-lobed, with 10 

 cavities inside, corresponding to 10 prominences outside, in which 

 the anthers are lodged at first. Filaments elastic, throwing the 

 anther when released from the corolla against the pistil. Capsule 

 globose, 5-celled, many-seeded. Evergreen shrubs. 



1. K. latifolia. 



High Laurel. 



Leaves mostly alternate, oval-lanceolate, or elliptical, acute at both ends, 

 smooth, green on both sides ; flowers in terminal corymbs, white, shaded with 

 pink ; peduncles clammy-pubescent ; pedicels bracted. A splendid flowering 

 shrub, 48 ft high, of a very crooked and irregular growth, distinguished by 

 its hard and compact wood. Not uncommon in woods and dry thickets. June. 



2. K angustifolia. Low Laurel. Sheep Laurel. 



Leaves mostly opposite, or in threes, narrow-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 

 light green, paler beneath, obtuse at each end ; corymbs lateral and axillary ; 

 flowers deep red, about half as large as in the last ; bracts minute, linear-lan- 

 ceolate, 3 at the base of each pedicel. A low shrub, 2 I ft high, common in 

 damp grounds. June July. 



10. PYEOLA. 



Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, concave, deciduous. 

 Stamens 10. Filaments subulate. Anthers large, pendulous, 

 opening by 2 pores at apex, more or less 2-celled. Style long, 

 often declined. Stigma 5-rayed, 5-tubercled at apex. Capsule 

 6 celled, 6-valved, many-seeded. 



* Stamens ascending. Style declinate. 



1. P. rotundifolia. Round-leaved Pyrola. 



Leaves orbicular, thick and shining, entire, mostly shorter than the petioles ; 

 scapes 8-angled ; flowers white, large, drooping, fragrant, in a long, terminal ra- 

 ceme ; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute ; petals round-obovate. A common ever- 

 green, propagating like the other species of the genus, by underground shoots, 

 which terminate in a cluster of petiolate, radical leaves. Scape bracted, 6' 12' 

 high. Woods. July. 



2. P. chlorantha. Green-flowered Pyrola. 



Leaves small, nearly orbicular, thick, dull green, much shorter than the pe- 

 tiole ; raceme few-flowered ; flowers rather large, nodding, remote, greenish- 

 white, with very short bracts ; calyx - teeth roundish - ovate, very short, 

 obtuse ; petals oblong. A smaller species than the last, distinguished by its 

 dull green, much smaller leaves, and greenish flowers. Scapes 4 8-flowered, 

 8' 8' high. Common, especially in pine woods. June. 



3. P, elliptica. Oval-leaved Pyrola. 



Leaves thin, elliptical, smooth, mostly larger than the marginal petioles; ra- 

 cemes manyrflqwered ; flowers white, nodding, fragrant ; calyx-teeth ovate, 

 acute ; petals obovato. A common and elegant species, growing in woods, well 

 marked by its thin, elliptical leaves. Scape 5' 10' high. July. 

 * * Stamens and style straight. 



4. P. secfinda. One-sided Pyrola. 



Leaves ovate, acute, finely serrate, thin, longer than the petiole ; raceme 

 dense, secund ; flowers small, greenish-white ; calyx-teeth ovate ; petals ob- 



long ; style exsert ; leaves in 1 or 2 tufts on a short stem ; scape 8' 5' high. 

 Rather common in woods. July. 



11. CHIMAPHlLA. 



Petals 5, concave, spreading. Stamens 10. Filaments hairy 

 and dilated in the middle. Anthers as in Pyrola. Style short 

 and thick. Stigma broad, orbicular, obscurely 5-toothed on the 

 margin. Capsule 5-celled, opening from the apex downwards. 



1. C. umbellata. Prince's Pine. 



Leaves wedge-lanceolate, tapering at base, serrate, dark -green on both sides, 

 coriaceous, arranged somewhat in whorls around the low stem ; flowers large, 

 li}:ht purple or whitish, fragrant, 37 in a terminal corymb ; bracts linear-subu- 

 late ; anthers violet. A handsome evergreen, common in woods, having the 

 general aspect of Pyrola, and propagating in the same manner, by underground 

 shoots. Woods. July. 



2. C. maculata. 



Spotted Winter green. 



Leaves ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrate, usually of a dark brown hue, va- 

 riegated with white on the upper surface ; flowers large, purplish-white, 15 in 

 terminal corymbs ; filaments woolly. A pretty species, much resembling the 

 last, but distinguished especially by its variegated leaves. Not uncommon in 

 sandy woods. Stem 4' 8' high. June July. 



12. HYPOPITYS. 



Sepals 4 5, bractlike, deciduous. Petals 4 5, distinct, fleshy, 

 gibbous at base. Stamens 8 10. Filaments subulate. Anthers 

 2-celled. Style columnar, hollow. Stigma disklike, bearded at 

 the margin. Capsule 4 5-celled, 4 5-valved. Leafless herbs. 



1. H. lanuginosa. Pine Sap. 



Clothed with soft pubescence ; stem simple, furnished with alternate scales 

 instead of leaves; flowers brownish-white or tawny, as well as the rest of the 

 plant, in close, bracted racemes, at first nodding, afterwards erect ; terminal 

 flower with 10 stamens and 5 petals ; the rest with 8 stamens and 4 petals ; cap- 

 sule subglobose. " A fleshy, leafless plant, parasitic, especially on the roots of 

 beeches and pines. Scape 6' 10' high. Bather common in rich woods. July 

 Aug. An. 



13. MONOTEOPA. 



Calyx represented by 2 4 deciduous bracts. Petals 5, dis- 

 tinct, fleshy, gibbous at base. Stamens 10. Filaments hairy. 

 Anthers short, 2-celled. Stigma orbicular, crenately 5-toothed, 

 naked. Capsule 5-celled. 



1. M. uniflora. Indian Pipe. 



Plant smooth, fleshy, white throughout, scentless; stem low, simple, fur- 

 nished with lanceolate scales instead of leaves, one-flowered ; flower large, 

 smooth inside and out, nodding at first, finally erect. A curious plant, common 

 in rich woods, springing up among the decaying leaves. June July. An. 



ORDER LXVIII. Aquifoliacese. Holly- 

 family. 



\. iLEX. 



Calyx 4 5-toothed. Corolla 4 5-parted, somewhat rotate. 

 Stamens 4 5. Stigmas 4 5, united or distinct. Berry 4 5- 

 seeded. 



1. I. opaca. 



American Holly. 



Leaves evergreen, oval, flat, tapering at both ends, coriaceous, smooth and 

 shining, armed with strong, spiny teeth, on the undulate margins ; flowers small, 

 greenish-white, in loose clusters, which are axillary, or situated at the base of 

 the young branches ; calyx-teeth acute ; berry ovate, red when ripe. A tree of 

 middling size, marked by its glossy spiny foliage, and red berries. Abundant 

 n some districts near the sea-coast June. 



2. PEiNOS. 



Flowers mostly polygamous. Calyx usually 6, rarely 4 5- 

 cleft. Corolla 6, rarely 4 5-cleft. Stamens 6, rarely 4 or 5. Stig- 

 mas 6, rarely 4 or 5. Berry roundish, usually 6-seeded. 



1. P. verticillatus. Black Alder. 



Leaves deciduous, oval, obovate, or wedge-lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, 

 tapering at base, pubescent on the veins beneath ; flowers white, axillary, 

 on very short peduncles; fertile ones closely aggregated ; sterile ones somewhat 



