190 ORDER XCn. ARISTOLOCHIACE^E BIRTH WORT-F AM. ORDER XCFV. CHENOPODIACE^E GOOSEFOOT-TRIBE. 



2. F. pubescens. Red Ash. 



Leaflets 7 9, petiolate, lanceolate or lance-ovate, acuminate, soft-downy be- 

 neath, as well as the petioles and young shoots; calyx present; corolla want- 

 ing; inflorescence as in the last; samara rather more broadly spatulate than in 

 the last, obtuse, usually abruptly tapering at base. A common tree in 

 Southern N. Eng. and New York, distinguished from the last by its downy 

 branchlete and the deep brown color of the older bark. April May. 



3. F. sambucifolia. Black Ash. 



Leaflets 7 11, sessile, ovate-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 

 more or less hairy on the veins beneath, obliquely obtuse at base; calyx and 

 corolla both wanting ; samara oblong, extremely obtuse at both ends. A tall, 

 slender tree, with darker-colored bark than the first, and very tough and elastic 

 wood. The buds are of a deep blue color. This Ash is most common in the 

 extreme Northern parts of the U. 8., where it is abundant in moist woods and 

 swamps. May. 



SECTION III. APETAL^E. 



ORDER XCII. Aristolochiacese. Birthwort- 

 family. 



1. ASAKTTM. 



Calyx campanulate ; limb 3-cleft ; tube adherent to the ovary. 

 Stamens 12, inserted on the ovary. Anthers short, fixed to the 

 middle of the filaments. Style very short. Stigma 6-rayed. 

 Fruit globular, fleshy, 6-celled, crowned with the calyx Per. 



1. A. Canadense. 



Wild Ginger. 



Pubescent, stemless ; leaves 2, broad-reniform, large, on long, hairy petioles, 

 soft-downy ; flowers solitary, large, nodding, on a downy pedicel proceeding 

 from between the 2 petioles, pressed close to the ground, sometimes just beneath 

 the surface ; calyx woolly ; segments reflexed from the middle, brownish-pur- 

 ple within. A curious plant, common in some districts, in rich woods. The 

 rootstock is very aromatic. July. 



ORDER XC1II. Phytolaccaceae. Poke-tribe. 



1. PHYTOLlCCA. 



Calyx of 5 petaloid sepals. Stamens 5 30. Styles 5 12. 

 Ovary composed of 5 12 united carpels, forming a 5 12-celled, 

 half-globular berry. Cells 1 -seeded. 



1. P. decandra. 



Poke-weed. 



Smooth ; stem tall, terete, branching, changing at length to deep purple ; 

 leaves large, ovate, acute at both ends, petiolate, entire ; flowers greenish-white, 

 in long, cylindrical racemes, at first terminal, but at length opposite the leaves ; 

 stamens 10; styles 10; fruit globose, depressed, dark purple, juicy. A tall, 

 stout, poisonous plant, 68 ft. high, rising from a very large, branching, poi- 

 sonous root July Sep. 



ORDER XCIV. 



Chenopodiacese. Goosefoot- 

 ti'ibe. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEEA. 



* Flowers all perfect. 



1. SALic6RNiA. Stamens 1 2. Flowers in 3s. Leafless succulent plants. 



2. SALSOLA. Calyx at length with a horizontal wing on the back, forming a 

 border. Prickly, succulent plants, with subulate leaves. 



8. SPJSDA. Calyx never winged on the back, succulent, Inclosing the fruit 

 when mature. Fleshy plants, with linear leaves. 



4. CHENOPODIUM. Calyx 5-parted, neither winged nor succulent in fruit 

 Seeds lenticular, depressed. Leafy. Weeds. 



5. BETA. Calyx 5-parted, fleshy, and inclosing the reniform seed when ma- 

 ture. Boot large and fleshy. 



* * Flowers dioecious or polygamous. 



6. SPINACIA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the fertile flowers 2 i-cleft 

 Styles capillary. 



7. ACNIDA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the fertile flowers 3-parted. Stig- 

 mas 3 5, sessile, linear, revolute. 



8. ATRIPLBX. Flowers monrecious and polygamous. Pistillate flowers des- 

 titute of a calyx. Styles 2, partly united. 



1. 8ALIC6ENIA. 

 Flowers perfect, 3 together. Calyx small, turbinate, closed ; 



margin toothed or incised. Stamens 1 2. Style 1. Utricle in- 

 closed in the calyx, 1-seeded. Leafless. 



1. S. herbacea. Samphire. 



Stem erect or ascending, branching ; branches opposite, jointed, fleshy, green, 

 terminating in spikes ; jointa thickened upward ; flowers small, sessile at the 

 joints of the stem, bearing branches, and forming a sort of spike. A leafless, 

 fleshy, branching plant, growing 6' 12' high in salt marshes, along the coast and 

 near salt springs. Aug. An. 



2. SALS6LA. 



Flowers perfect, with 2 bracts at base. Calyx 5-parted, per- 

 sistent; segments horizontally winged on the back, inclosing the 

 depressed fruit at base, and crowning it with a broad, circular, 

 scarious border. Stamens mostly 5. Styles 2. Seeds horizontal 

 Embryo spiral. 



1. S. Kali. 



Saltwort. 



Stem decumbent, diffusely branching, herbaceous ; leaves alternate, subulate, 

 sessile, channelled, terminating in a sharp prickle ; flowers single, green, succu- 

 lent, sessile, bracted at base ; calyx-lobes converging, and forming a sort of beak 

 to the inclosed utricle. A very prickly, bushy, spreading plant, common on 

 sandy shores. Stem 12 ft high. Aug. An. 



3. SUuEDA. 



Flowers perfect. Calyx urceolate, 5-parted ; segments at 

 length succulent and inclosing the depressed fruit. Stamens 5. 

 Style 1. Stigmas 2 5. Embryo spiral. An. 



1. S. maritima. 



Sea Goosefoot. 



Smooth ; stem mostly erect, branching ; leaves sessile, linear or subulate, 

 fleshy, semi-cylindrical, somewhat acute ; flowers 23 together, in sessile, axil- 

 lary clusters, greenish ; bractlets minute ; calyx inflated in fruit ; utricle thin 

 and almost transparent, containing a black, shining seed. A weed of the salt 

 marshes. Stem 1 2 ft high. Aug. 



4. CHENOP6DIUM. 



Flowers perfect, bractless. Calyx 5-parted, at length dry, par- 

 tially enveloping the fruit. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Utricle mem- 

 branaceous. Seed lenticular. An. 



1. C. album. 



Pigweed. 



Smooth; stem erect, branching ; leaves rhomboid- ovate, coarsely toothed, 

 entire at base, pale green, petiolate, white and mealy beneath ; uppermost en- 

 tire; flowers greenish, inealy, sessile, in irregular spikes, forming large, termi- 

 nal panicles. A very common and homely weed, 2 5 ft high, in waste grounds. 

 July Sep. An. 



2. C. hybridum. 



Tall Pigweed. 



Smooth ; stem erect, slender, very branching ; leaves ovate, cordate at base, 

 acuminate, angular, with a few large, remote teeth, light green on both sides ; 

 flowers greenish, sessile, in divaricate racemes, which are loosely arranged in a 

 terminal, leafless panicle. The flowers have a very unpleasant odor. A com- 

 mon weed in waste grounds. Stem 2 3 ft. high. July Aug. 



3. C. Botrys. 



Oak of Jerusalem. 



Viscid-pubescent ; stem exceedingly branching ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sinu- 

 ate ; upper ones spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers green, numerous, fragrant, in short, 

 leafless racemes, arranged in large, terminal and lateral panicles, of which the 

 terminal is much the tallest A fragrant species sometimes cultivated, growing 

 in dry fields and along road-sides. Stem 13 ft high. July Aug. 



5. BETA. 



Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 sepals. Stamens 5. Styles 2, 

 very short, erect. Stigmas acute. Seeds reniform, inclosed in 

 the fleshy calyx. Bien. 



1. B. vulgaris. Common Beet. 



Stem erect, branching, furrowed ; leaves alternate, nearly entire ; lower ones 

 ovate, upper narrower ; flowers green, in dense, axillary, sessile clusters, arrang- 

 ed in spikes, forming terminal panicles; root fleshy. The common beet is cul- 

 tivated every where for culinary purposes. The roots are of various shades of 

 red, yellow and white. Aug. 



6. SPINlOIA. 



Flowers dioecious. Barren flowers calyx 5-cleft; stamens 5. 

 Fertile flowers calyx 2 4-cleft. Styles 4, capillary. Utricle 

 contained in the hardened and sometimes spiny calyx. An. 



