50 OSTEOLOGY. 



major, Semispinalis colli, Multifidus spinae, Levator anguli scapulas, Splenius colli, 

 Transversalis colli, Scalenus posticus, Intertransversales, Interspinales. 



To the remaining Vertebrae generally are attached, anteriorly, the Rectus anticus 

 major, Longus colli, Scalenus anticus and posticus, Psoas magnus, Psoas parvus, 

 Quadratus lumborum, Diaphragm, Obliquus internus and Transversalis, poste- 

 riorly, the Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Levator anguli scapulae, Rhomboideus 

 major and minor, Serratus posticus superior and inferior, Splenius, Sacro-lumbalis, 

 Longissimus dorsi, Spinalis dorsi, Cervicalis ascendens, Transversalis colli, 

 Trachelo-mastoid, Complexus, Serni-spinalis dorsi and colli, Multifidus spinae, 

 Interspinales, Supraspinales, Intertransversales, Levatores costarum. 



SACEAL AND COCCYGEAL VERTEBRJS. 



The Sacral and Coccygeal Vertebrae consist, at an early period of life, of nine 

 separate pieces, which are united in the adult, so as to form two bones, five 

 entering into the formation of the sacrum, four of the coccyx. 



THE SACRUM (fig. 14), so called from its having been offered in sacrifice, and 

 hence considered sacred, is a large triangular bone, situated at the lower part of 



Fig. 14. Sacrum: Anterior Surface. 

 fromontoru 



the vertebral column, and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where 

 it is inserted like a wedge between the two ossa innominata; its upper part, 

 or base, articulating with the last lumbar vertebra, its apex with the coccyx. 

 The sacrum is curved upon itself, and placed very obliquely, its upper extremity 

 projecting forwards, forming, with the last lumbar vertebra, a very prominent 

 angle, called the promontory or sacro-vertebral angle, whilst its central part is 

 directed backwards, so as to give increased capacity to the pelvic cavity. It 



