FEMUR. 



externus and the Adductor magnus are 

 attached two muscles, viz., the Gluteus 

 maximus above, and the short head of the 

 Biceps below. Between the Adductor 

 magnus and the Vastus internus, four 

 muscles are attached: the Iliacus and 

 Pectineus above, the latter to the middle 

 division of the upper bifurcation ; below 

 these, the Adductor brevis and Adductor 

 longus. The linea aspera is perforated a 

 little below its centre by the nutritious 

 canal, which ip directed obliquely from 

 below upwards. 



The two lateral borders of the femur 

 are only very slightly marked, the outer 

 one extending from the anterior inferior 

 angle of the great trochanter to the an- 

 terior extremity of the external condyle ; 

 the inner one passes from the spiral line, 

 at a point opposite the trochanter minor, 

 to the anterior extremity of the internal 

 condyle. The internal border marks the 

 limit of attachment of the Crureus muscle 

 internally. 



The anterior surface includes that por- 

 tion of the shaft which is situated between 

 the two lateral borders. It is smooth, 

 convex, broader above and below than in 

 the centre, slightly twisted, so that its 

 upper part is directed forwards and a little 

 outwards, its lower part forwards and a 

 little inwards. The upper three-fourths 

 of this surface serve for the attachment of 

 the Crureus ; the lower fourth is separated 

 from this muscle by the intervention of 

 the synovial membrane of the knee-joint, 

 and affords attachment to the Subcrureus 

 to a small extent. The external surface 

 includes the portion of bone between the 

 external border and the outer lip of the 

 linea aspera ; it is continuous, above, with 

 the outer surface of the great trochanter; 

 below, with the outer surface of the ex- 

 ternal condyle : to its upper three-fourths 

 is attached the outer portion of the Cru- 

 reus muscle. The interna I surface includes 

 the portion of bone between the internal 

 border and the inner lip of the linea as- 

 pera; it is continuous, above, with the 

 lower border of the neck; below, with 

 the inner side of the internal condyle : it 

 is covered by the Yastus internus muscle. 



The Lower Extremity, larger than the 

 upper, is of a cuboid form, flattened from 

 before backwards, and divided by an 

 interval presenting a smooth depression 

 in front, and a notch of considerable size 

 11 



Fig. 104. Right Femur. Posterior Surface. 



OBTURATOR EXTERNUS 



fortr 



