324 



MUSCLES AND FASCIAE. 



articular surface if it occurs in the adult; but in the child, before the age of sixteen, it is more 

 frequently a separation of the epiphysis from the apophysis. The displacement which is produced 

 is very considerable, and bears some resemblance to dislocation of the carpus backwards, from 

 which it should be carefully distinguished. The lower fragment is drawn upwards and backwards 



Fig. 185. Fracture of the Lower End of the Radius. 



behind the upper fragment by the combined actions of the Supinator longus and the Flexors and 

 the Extensors of the thumb and carpus, producing a well-marked prominence on the back of the 

 wrist, with a deep depression behind. The upper fragment projects forwards, often lacerating 

 the substance of the Pronator quadratus, and is drawn by this muscle into close contact with the 

 lower end of the ulna, causing a projection on the anterior surface of the forearm, immediately 

 above the carpus, from the flexor tendons being thrust forwards. This fracture may be dis- 

 tinguished from dislocation by the deformity being removed on making sufficient extension, when 

 crepitus may be occasionally detected ; at the same time, on extension being discontinued, the 

 parts immediately resume their deformed appearance. The age of the patient will also assist in 

 determining whether the injury is fracture or separation of the epiphysis. The treatment consists 

 in flexing the forearm; and making powerful extension from the wrist and elbow; depressing at 

 the same time the radial side of the hand, and retaining the parts in this position by well-padded 

 pistol-shaped splints. 



MUSCLES AND FASCIAE OF THE LOWEK EXTKEMITY. 



The Muscles of trie Lower Extremity are subdivided into groups, correspond- 

 ing with the different regions of the limb. 



Iliac region. 

 Psoas magnus. 

 Psoas parvus. 

 Iliacus. 



THIGH. 



Anterior femoral region. 

 Tensor vaginae femoris. 

 Sartorius. 

 Rectus. 



Yastus externus. 

 Yastus internus. 

 Crureus. 

 Subcrureus. 



Internal femoral region. 



Gracilis. 

 Pectineus. 

 Adductor longus. 



Adductor brevis. 

 Adductor magnus. 



HIP. 



Gluteal region. 

 Gluteus maximus. 

 Gluteus medius. 

 Gluteus minimus. 

 Pyriformis. 

 Gemellus superior. 

 Obturator internus. 

 Gemellus inferior. 

 Obturator externus. 

 Quadratus femoris. 



Posterior femoral region. 



Biceps. 



Semi-tendinosus. 



Semi-membranosus. 



