492 LYMPHATICS. 



The lymphatics of the Madder arise from the entire surface of the organ ; the 

 greater number run beneath the peritoneum on its posterior surface, and, after 

 passing through the lymphatic glands in this situation, join with the lymphatics 

 from the prostate and vesiculse seminales, and enter the internal iliac glands. 



The lymphatics of the rectum are of large size ; after passing through some small 

 glands that lie upon its outer wall and in the mesorectum, they pass to the sacral 

 or lumbar glands. 



The lymphatics of the uterus consist of two sets, superficial and deep; the 

 former being placed beneath the peritoneum, the latter in the substance of the 

 organ. The lymphatics of the cervix uteri, together with those from the vagina, 

 enter the internal iliac and sacral glands ; those from the body and fundus of the 

 uterus pass outwards in the broad ligaments, and, being joined by the lymphatics 

 from the ovaries, broad ligaments, and Fallopian tubes, ascend with the ovarian 

 vessels to open into the lumbar glands. In the unimpregnated uterus, they are 

 small ; but during gestation they become very greatly enlarged. 



The lymphatics of the testicle consist of two sets, superficial and deep; the 

 former commence on the surface of the tunica vaginalis, the latter in the epidi- 

 dymis and body of the testis. They form several large trunks, which ascend with 

 the spermatic cord, and, accompanying the spermatic vessels into the abdomen, 

 open into the lumbar glands ; hence the enlargement of these glands in malignant 

 disease of the testis. 



The ( lymphatics of the kidney arise on the surface, and also in the interior of the 

 organ; they join at the hilus, and, after receiving the lymphatic vessels from the 

 ureter and supra-renal capsule, open into the lumbar glands. 



The lymphatics of the liver are divisible into two sets, superficial and deep. 

 The former arise in the sub-peritoneal areolar tissue over the entire surface of the 

 organ. Those on the convex surface may be divided into four groups : 1. Those 

 which pass from behind forwards, consisting of three or four branches, which 

 ascend in the longitudinal ligament, and unite to form a single trunk, which passes 

 up between the fibres of the Diaphragm, behind the ensiform cartilage, to enter 

 the anterior mediastinal glands, and finally ascends to the root of the neck, to 

 terminate in the right lymphatic duct. 2. Another group, which also incline 

 from behind forwards, are reflected over the anterior margin of the liver to its 

 under surface, and from thence pass along the longitudinal fissure to the glands 

 in the gastro-hepatic omentum. 3. A third group incline outwards to the right 

 lateral ligament, and, uniting into one or two large trunks, pierce the Diaphragm, 

 and run along its upper surface to enter the anterior mediastinal glands; or, 

 instead of entering the thorax, turn inwards across the crus of the Diaphragm, 

 and open into the commencement of the thoracic duct. 4. The fourth group 

 incline outwards from the surface of the left lobe of the liver to the left lateral 

 ligament, pierce the Diaphragm, and, passing forwards, terminate in the glands in 

 the anterior mediastinum. 



The superficial lymphatics on the under surface of the liver are divided into three 

 sets: 1. Those on the right side of the gall-bladder enter the lumbar glands. 2. 

 Those surrounding the gall-bladder form a remarkable plexus, which accompanies 

 the hepatic vessels, and open into the glands in the gastro-hepatic omentum. 3. 

 Those on the left of the gall-bladder pass to the oesophageal glands, and to those 

 placed along the lesser curvature of the stomach. 



The deep lymphatics accompany the branches of the portal vein and the hepatic 

 artery and duct through the substance of the liver ; passing out at the transverse 

 fissure, they enter the lymphatic glands along the lesser curvature of the stomach 

 and behind the pancreas, or join with one of the lacteal vessels previous to its 

 termination in the thoracic duct. 



The lymphatic glands of the stomach are of small size ; they are placed along 

 the lesser and greater curvatures, some within the gastro-splenic omentum, whilst 

 others surround its cardiac and pyloric orifices. 



The lymphatics of the stomach consist of two sets, superficial and deep ; the 



